The effect of kinetin on the photosynthetic apparatus of Sinapis alba

Zerbe, R.; Wild, Aloysius

doi:10.1007/bf00020075

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The development of plastids at high light intensities to sun-type chloroplasts, and at low quanta fluence rates to shade-type chloroplasts, has been summarized earlier [37,39,45]. The formation of sun-type like chloroplasts can be simulated with low intensity blue light [14,42,63], and by the application of cytokinins [15,37,65] or the fungicide triadimefon [38]. Shade-type like chloroplasts, in turn, are formed in low intensity red light [14,37,63] and under the influence of the photosynthetic herbicides bentazon [41,46], diuron [41,52] and metabenzthlazuron [20,21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic activity, chloroplast ultrastructure, and leaf characteristics of high-light and low-light plants and of sun and shade leaves

et al. 1981

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The photosynthetic CO2-fixation rates, chlorophyll content, chloroplast ultrastructure and other leaf characteristics (e.g. variable fluorescence, stomata density, soluble carbohydrate content) were studied in a comparative way in sun and shade leaves of beech (Fagus sylvatica) and in high-light and low-light seedlings. 1. Sun leaves of the beech possess a smaller leaf area, higher dry weight, lower water content, higher stomata density, higher chlorophyll a/b ratios and are thicker than the shade leaves. Sun leaves on the average contain more chlorophyll in a leaf area unit; the shade leaf exhibits more chlorophyll on a dry weight basis. Sun leaves show higher rates for dark respiration and a higher light saturation of photosynthetic CO2-fixation. Above 2000 lux they are more efficient in photosynthetic quantum conversion than the shade leaves. 2. The development of HL-radish plants proceeds much faster than that of LL-plants. The cotyledons of HL-plants show a higher dry weight, lower water content, a higher ratio of chlorophyll a/b and a higher gross photosynthesis rate than the cotyledons of the LL-plants, which possess a higher chlorophyll content per dry weight basis. The large area of the HL-cotyledon on the one hand, as well as the higher stomata density and the higher respiration rate in the LL-cotyledon on the other hand, are not in agreement with the characteristics of sun and shade leaves respectively. 3. The development, growth and wilting of wheat leaves and the appearance of the following leaves (leaf succession) is much faster at high quanta fluence rates than in weak light. The chlorophyll content is higher in the HL-leaf per unit leaf area and in the LL-leaf per g dry weight. There are no differences in the stomata density and leaf area between the HL- and LL-leaf. There are fewer differences between HL- and LL-leaves than in beech or radish leaves. 4. The chloroplast ultrastructure of shade-type chloroplasts (shade leaves, LL-leaves) is not only characterized by a much higher number of thylakoids per granum and a higher stacking degree of thylakoids, but also by broader grana than in sun-type chloroplasts (sun leaves, HL-leaves). The chloroplasts of sun leaves and of HL-leaves exhibit large starch grains. 5. Shade leaves and LL-leaves exhibit a higher maximum chlorophyll fluorescence and it takes more time for the fluorescence to decline to the steady state than in sun and HL-leaves. The variable fluorescence VF (ratio of fluorescence decrease to steady state fluorescence) is always higher in the sun and HL-leaf of the same physiological stage (maximum chlorophyll content of the leaf) than in the shade and LL-leaf. The fluorescence emission spectra of sun and HL-leaves show a higher proportion of chlorophyli fluorescence in the second emission maximum F2 than shade and LL-leaves. 6. The level of soluble carbohydrates (reducing sugars) is significantly higher in sun and HL-leaves than in shade and LL-leaves and even reflects changes in the amounts of the daily incident light. 7. Some but not all...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic activity, chloroplast ultrastructure, and leaf characteristics of high-light and low-light plants and of sun and shade leaves

et al. 1981

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“…Fedtke [7] supposed that the reduction of sugar content may be responsible for the low-light adaptation reaction. In a previous paper [26] we demonstrated that the initial and most powerful effect of kinetin was the drastic rise in the content of soluble reducing sugars. Therefore it can be supposed that variations in the sugar content play an important role in adaptation reactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growth conditions of plants of Sinapis alba were as described earlier [26]. Beginning with day 20 after sowing, IAA in a concentration of 4ppm (22.8/~M; aqueous solution; pH 4.8) was sprayed on the upper surface of the primary leaves daily.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High concentrations of IAA did not essentially change the results. Methods for measuring leaf contents and activities were described earlier [26]. All experiments were repeated three times with new sets of plants (each set comprising about 130 plants).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dependent on the light intensity and the light quality during growth, they develop strong-(sun) or weak-light (shade) leaves [9,15,19,21,24]. Not only light but also phytohormones are of great importance for chloroplast development [5,11,13,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of indole-3-acetic-acid on the photosynthetic apparatus of Sinapis alba

Zerbe

Wild

1980

Photosynth Res

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The influence of indole-3-acetic-acid (IAA) during the development of primary leaves of Sinapis alba was studied. IAA treatment (4 ppm ≈ 22.8 μM) caused a decrease of dry weight, soluble reducing sugars, soluble protein, chlorophylls, carotenoids and cytochrome f; it also caused a lower ratio of protein to chlorophyll, a lower ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b and a higher ratio of chlorophyll per cytochrome f. Furthermore, IAA treatment induced a significantly lower rate of CO2 fixation and a depressed nitrite reductase activity. Similar effects could also be observed in adaptation reactions brought about by red light and low-light (or shade) conditions.

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