The effect of leech extracts on endothelial cell coagulation-related factors and endothelial dysfuction-related molecules

Xu, Lixu; Xue, Li; Zhang, E; Liang, Hao; Li, Weiting; Wang, Shangyi; Song, Shuliang; Ji, Aiguo

doi:10.1080/10641963.2018.1465076

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In the MTT assay, it was shown that leech saliva at 48 h cause proliferation on the human endothelial cell line. 24 Different than our results, they observed proliferation of cells. This difference may be due to the use of distinct cell lines and types of leeches.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

The Investigation of Effects of Medicinal Leech Saliva Extract on the Breast Fibroblast Cell Line In Vitro: An Experimental Study

ÜNAL,

TIRIK,

EROL

et al. 2023

J Tradit Complem Med

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Medicinal leeches benefit by delivering various bioactive substances from their saliva during sucking. It was aimed to investigate the effects of leech saliva extract (LSE) on breast fibroblast cell line (Hs 578Bst) and HUVEC (CRL-1730) line in vitro. Material and Methods: Leech saliva was obtained from medicinal leeches of the Hirudo verbana species. The LSE was obtained from the Hirudo verbana. LSE dose amounts (400 µg/mL, 200 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL and 50 µg/mL) were adjusted for protein concentration. In cell culture; cell viability, apoptosis, cell migration and gene expressions responsible for these effects were evaluated. The effect of LSE on the cell viability was evaluated with MTT assay. The Scratching Test was used to evaluate the effects of LSE on the cell migration. The effect of LSE on mRNA expression levels of fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) was determined with polymerase chain reaction. The effect of LSE on apoptosis was investigated with flow cytometry. Results: The doses of LSE (400-50 µg/mL) significantly increased the cell viability compared with the control group for 24 h and 48 h (p<0.05). In the scratching test, it was observed that the 50 µg/mL dose induced the cell migration and covered all areas with cells at 24 h. It was observed that 200 µg/mL LSE up-regulated the mRNA expression of FGF, VEGF and EGF compared with the control and other groups (p<0.001). All doses of LSE shows no apoptotic or necrotic effects in the cell lines. Conclusion: In this study, it was found that the LSE applied at different doses had significant effects on the cell viability, cell migration and gene expression responsible for these effects in the breast fibroblast cell line.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

The Investigation of Effects of Medicinal Leech Saliva Extract on the Breast Fibroblast Cell Line In Vitro: An Experimental Study

ÜNAL,

TIRIK,

EROL

et al. 2023

J Tradit Complem Med

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“…The Leech ( Shuizhi , Hirudo) is the dried whole body of the Whitmania pigra Whitman, Hirudo nipponica Whitman or Whitmania acranulata Whitman ( ChPC, 2020 ). The Leech and its extracts can exert anti-atherosclerotic effects by regulating lipid metabolism, reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammatory response and smooth muscle proliferation ( Gao et al, 2014 ; Wu et al, 2017 ; Xu et al, 2019 ). All of the above CHMs exhibit the typical multi-target and multi-component regulation effects on T2DM patients with CAS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine as an add-on therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with carotid atherosclerosis: An updated meta-analysis of 27 randomized controlled trials

et al. 2023

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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a clinical metabolic syndrome characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. Patients with T2DM are more likely to have carotid atherosclerosis (CAS), which can lead to dizziness, amaurosis or even stroke. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has shown possible efficacy and safety in treating T2DM patients with CAS. However, the existing evidence was not robust enough and the results were out of date.Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the current evidence and systematically evaluate the effects of CHM on carotid plaque, glucose and lipid metabolism and vascular endothelial parameters in T2DM patients with CAS, providing a reference for subsequent research and clinical practice.Methods: This study was registered in PROSPERO as CRD42022346274. Both Chinese and English databases were searched from their inceptions to 16 July 2022. All retrieved studies were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using oral CHM to treat T2DM patients with CAS were included. The literature quality was assessed using the risk of bias assessment tool in the Cochrane Handbook. Data extraction was conducted on the selected studies. Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 16.0 were used for meta-analysis. Sources of heterogeneity were explored by meta-regression or subgroup analysis. Funnel plot and Egger’s test were used to assess publication bias and the evidence quality was assessed by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).Results: 27 eligible studies, involving 2638 patients, were included in this study. Compared with western medicine (WM) alone, the addition of CHM was significantly better in improving carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) [mean difference (MD) = -0.11mm, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.15 to −0.07, p < 0.01], carotid plaque Crouse score [MD = −1.21, 95%CI: −1.35 to −1.07, p < 0.01], total cholesterol (TC) [MD = −0.34 mmol/L, 95%CI: −0.54 to −0.14, p < 0.01], triglyceride (TG) [MD = −0.26 mmol/L, 95%CI: −0.37 to −0.15, p < 0.01], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) [MD = −0.36 mmol/L, 95%CI: −0.47 to −0.25, p < 0.01], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [MD = 0.22 mmol/L, 95%CI: 0.13 to 0.30, p < 0.01], glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) [MD = −0.36%, 95%CI: −0.51 to −0.21, p < 0.01], fasting blood glucose (FBG) [MD = −0.33 mmol/L, 95%CI: −0.50 to −0.16, p < 0.01], 2-h postprandial glucose (2hPG) [MD = −0.52 mmol/L, 95%CI: −0.95 to −0.09, p < 0.01], homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) [standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.88, 95%CI: −1.36 to −0.41, p < 0.01] and homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-β) [MD = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.51 to 1.09, p < 0.01]. Due to the small number of included studies, it is unclear whether CHM has an improving effect on nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistance index (RI). No serious adverse events were observed.Conclusion: Based on this meta-analysis, we found that in the treatment of T2DM patients with CAS, combined with CHM may have more advantages than WM alone, which can further reduce CIMT and carotid plaque Crouse score, regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, improve insulin resistance and enhance islet β-cell function. Meanwhile, CHM is relatively safe. However, limited by the quality and heterogeneity of included studies, the efficacy and safety of CHM remain uncertain. More high-quality studies are still needed to provide more reliable evidence for the clinical application of CHM.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022346274

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“…Leech and its extract have also been used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in TCM and can significantly weaken the atherosclerotic lesion area of ApoE −/− mice by means of a mechanism that potentially involves the inhibition of monocyte invasion of the vascular wall and improvement of vascular endothelial function. 41 , 42 In addition, various components in other Chinese herbal compounds, such as P. notoginseng saponins pns, 43 Poria cocos polysaccharide pcp, 44 and Alisol B23 acetate, 45 play an anti-AS role by reducing inflammation, inhibiting cholesterol synthesis, and regulating oxidative stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

San Jie Tong Mai Fang Protects Against Atherosclerosis Progression by Regulating Macroautophagy through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway

et al. 2023

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology

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Many studies have confirmed that macrophage autophagy injury negatively impacts the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Meanwhile, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway affects atherosclerosis progression by regulating macrophage autophagy. We previously reported that the herbal formula San Jie Tong Mai Fang (SJTMF) elicits lipid regulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, the current study employed an ApoE-/- high-fat diet-fed mouse model to determine whether SJTMF elicits protective effects against atherosclerosis progression via regulation of macrophage autophagy through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. Our results show that SJTMF reduced the number of atherosclerotic plaques, foam cell formation, and intimal thickness in mouse aorta. In addition, SJTMF improved blood lipid metabolism and inflammatory levels in mice. We also observed that SJTMF caused macrophages to be polarized toward the M2 phenotype via inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. Additionally, the abundances of LC3-II/I and Beclin1 proteins—key autophagy molecules—were increased, while that of p62 was decreased, resulting in the promotion of macrophage autophagy. Taken together, these findings indicate that SJTMF may regulate the polarization of macrophages by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby reducing atherosclerotic plaque damage in ApoE-/- mice, thereby, promoting macrophage autophagy and eliciting a significant anti-arteriosclerosis effect. Hence, SJTMF may represent a promising new candidate drug for the treatment of atherosclerosis.

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The effect of leech extracts on endothelial cell coagulation-related factors and endothelial dysfuction-related molecules

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

The Investigation of Effects of Medicinal Leech Saliva Extract on the Breast Fibroblast Cell Line In Vitro: An Experimental Study

The Investigation of Effects of Medicinal Leech Saliva Extract on the Breast Fibroblast Cell Line In Vitro: An Experimental Study

The efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine as an add-on therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with carotid atherosclerosis: An updated meta-analysis of 27 randomized controlled trials

San Jie Tong Mai Fang Protects Against Atherosclerosis Progression by Regulating Macroautophagy through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway

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