The Effect of Lithium Ion on the Mechanism of the Polarographic Reduction of Benzil in Dimethylformamide

Coordination ambivalence of the electroactive bis-chelate ligand bis(1-methyl-2-imidazolyl)glyoxal (BIG) in mononuclear and dinuclear complexes with Re(CO)3Cl

“…The rather negative value is similar to that of other α-diketones. 7 The quasi-reversibility of the wave (∆E pp = 120 mV) suggests planarisation on reduction due to the increasing bond order of the C(O)-CЈ(OЈ) bond; analysis of the EPR spectrum of BIG ؒϪ yields hyperfine coupling constants which are in general agreement with π spin populations as calculated by the Hückel method for a planar π system (cf. below).…”

Eccentric Phenomena at Liquid Mercury Electrode/Solution Interfaces: Upward, Downward, and Circular Motions

“…[1][2][3][4] On the other hand, the electrochemical instabilities (e.g., current and potential oscillations) are known to be originated generally from the combined microscopic physicochemical perturbations at the electrode/ solution interface due to the different interfacial changes, for example, electrocrystallization, chemical reaction at the electrode vicinity, adsorption, passivation-activation and dissolution (i.e., corrosion) of the electrode surface, and so on. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Another familiar electrochemical instability is the polarographic streaming phenomena of a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) that results from the dissimilar surface tension of the liquid mercury drop and that has been hitherto presumed to induce a cyclic voltammetric anodic current oscillation (CVACO), [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] but the mechanisms of the CVACO presented on the basis of the classical theories of the polarographic streaming phenomena are still ambiguous. 13,15,20,21,26,27 In the present study, we have visualized for the first time that a circular motion at the HMDE/solution interface causes CVACO that was first reported in 1964.…”

“…13,15,20,21,26,27 In the present study, we have visualized for the first time that a circular motion at the HMDE/solution interface causes CVACO that was first reported in 1964. 14 The observed circular motion seems to induce a conversion of electrochemical energy into mechanical energy and should be explored as a novel concept in the field of electrochemical instability at a charged liquid surface (mercury)/liquid electrolyte interface. We anticipate that this circular motion could advance the visual knowl-edge of the self-insisting instability in the other systems involving the charged interface (e.g., the vortices in electroosmotic flow, 2 instabilities in the fluid flow of biochannel or biochips 2,3 ) and that a suitable fabrication of this novel circular motion may tender its application, for example, as a microtransducer for a mechanical amplification system triggered by an electrochemical redox reaction.…”

“…Instabilities that happen without any apparent cause (but actually result from the gravitational force) are often observed in many natural systems, for example, the spiral motion in the smock formed during the burning of cellulosic materials (or boiling of water), swirling of water in the outlet of a sink (or bathtub), vortex in the fluid flow, and circular motion of hurricanes and tornadoes. − On the other hand, the electrochemical instabilities (e.g., current and potential oscillations) are known to be originated generally from the combined microscopic physicochemical perturbations at the electrode/solution interface due to the different interfacial changes, for example, electrocrystallization, chemical reaction at the electrode vicinity, adsorption, passivation−activation and dissolution (i.e., corrosion) of the electrode surface, and so on. − Another familiar electrochemical instability is the polarographic streaming phenomena of a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) that results from the dissimilar surface tension of the liquid mercury drop and that has been hitherto presumed to induce a cyclic voltammetric anodic current oscillation (CVACO), − but the mechanisms of the CVACO presented on the basis of the classical theories of the polarographic streaming phenomena are still ambiguous. ,,,,, …”

Electrochemical Investigation of Benzil/Aluminum Ion Interactions

“…The present study investigates the effect of aluminum ion addition on benzil electrochemistry. A few previous works have also addressed this effect, although the ions studied were the Group 1 and 2 cations (9,13,14). The voltammetric characteristics due to aluminum ion addition to benzil in both acetonitrile and the ionic liquid BMPY TfO are presented in this paper.…”