The effect of loading time on flexible pavement dynamic response: a finite element analysis

Analysis of effects of high temperature and heavy traffic loads on anti-rutting performance of Gravel Asphalt Concrete mixtures

“…The strength of pavement materials and subgrade depend upon the rate at which they are loaded, with the measured modulus increasing with increased rates of loading. In general, slower speeds and stop-and-go movement allow a particular load to be applied to a given pavement area for a longer period of time resulting in greater damage [Yin et al 2008]. For HMA pavements this behavior is sometimes evident at bus stops, intersection approaches and road sections where there are more traffic congestions.…”

“…As stresses and strains are used to predict pavement distresses and thus the relative condition of the various layers in the pavement structure, the need for finite element analysis is significantly important. The FE method is by far the most universally applied numerical technique for flexible pavements [Yin et al 2008]. Finite element modeling, if properly managed, can be very helpful as it can be used to directly evaluate the primary pavement structural responses or beyond that without resorting to potentially costly field experiments.…”

“…The time effect on pavement response has been studied with the pavement temperature measured from instrumented thermocouples [Yin et al 2008]. The time and temperature dependency of AC materials was integrated into one single factor, termed "effective temperature."…”

“…Accurate prediction of flexible pavement response requires the pavement temperature and the loading time because of their important role in characterizing the viscoelastic behavior of AC materials [Uzarowski 2006, Yin et al 2008. Therefore the transient temperature variance of pavement and timing of loading can not be ignored when analyzing the pavement rutting.…”

Esnek üstyapılarda tekerlek temas gerilmesi ve deplasman dağılımlarının üç boyutlu sınır eleman metodu ile belirlenmesi

“…O zamandan sonra esnek üstyapı analizi için birçok sonlu elemanlar metodu ile işlem yapan birçok bilgisayar programı geliştirilmiştir. Bu programlarda esnek üstyapı problemleri statik [10,11] veya dinamik sabit [12][13][14] veya hareketli yükler [15][16][17] altında elastik [18][19][20] veya visko-elastik [21,22] yarım uzay olarak modellenmiştir. Sonlu elemanlar ile sınır elemanlar metotlarının birlikte kullanıldığı esnek üstyapı problemleri ile ilgili literatürde yer alan çalışmalar [23,24] numaralı referanslarda görülebilir.…”