The effect of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on muscle mass and function in sarcopenia: A scoping systematic review and meta-analysis

Bird, Julia K; Troesch, Barbara; Warnke, Ines; Calder, Philip C.

doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.10.011

Cited by 63 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…As summarized in a recent umbrella review of studies in older adults without acute or chronic diseases, long‐term interventions (≥24 weeks) combining protein supplementation and resistance training showed a positive effect on both muscle mass and strength 22 ; increased muscle mass was also observed with leucine (in those with sarcopenia only) or β ‐hydroxy‐ β ‐methylbutyrate (HMB) supplements as well as with concurrent creatine supplementation and resistance training 22 . Notably, omega‐3 fatty acids are also a promising nutrient under consideration for improved muscle health in older adults and clinical conditions 23,24 . Furthermore, recent research has shown evidence of beneficial effects of HMB supplementation on muscle mass and strength in a variety of clinical conditions 25 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 Notably, omega-3 fatty acids are also a promising nutrient under consideration for improved muscle health in older adults and clinical conditions. 23,24 Furthermore, recent research has shown evidence of beneficial effects of HMB supplementation on muscle mass and strength in a variety of clinical conditions. 25 Much research is needed to advance our understanding on the impact of nutrition intervention trials in muscle, sarcopenia, and cachexia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mapping ongoing nutrition intervention trials in muscle, sarcopenia, and cachexia: a scoping review of future research

Orsso

Montes‐Ibarra

Findlay

et al. 2022

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Muscle loss alone, or in the context of sarcopenia or cachexia, is a prevalent condition and a predictor of negative outcomes in aging and disease. As adequate nutrition is essential for muscle maintenance, a growing number of studies has been conducted to explore the role of specific nutrients on muscle mass or function. Nonetheless, more research is needed to guide evidence-based recommendations. This scoping review aimed to compile and document ongoing clinical trials investigating nutrition interventions as a strategy to prevent or treat low muscle mass or function (strength and physical performance), sarcopenia, or cachexia. ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched up to 21 April 2021 for planned and ongoing trials. Randomized controlled trials with ≥20 participants per arm were included based on intent to explore the effects of nutrition interventions on muscle-related outcomes (i.e. muscle mass or strength, physical performance, or muscle synthesis rate) in both clinical and non-clinical conditions (i.e. aging). Two reviewers independently screened records for eligibility, and a descriptive synthesis of trials characteristics was conducted. A total of 113 trials were included in the review. Most trials (69.0%) enroll adults with clinical conditions, such as cancer (19.5%), obesity and metabolic diseases (16.8%), and musculoskeletal diseases (10.7%). The effects of nutrition interventions on age-related muscle loss are explored in 31% of trials. Although nutrition interventions of varied types were identified, food supplements alone (48.7%) or combined with dietary advice (11.5%) are most frequently reported. Protein (17.7%), amino acids (10.6%), and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB, 6.2%) are the top three food supplements' nutrients under investigation. Primary outcome of most trials (54.9%) consists of measures of muscle mass alone or in combination with muscle strength and/or performance (as either primary or secondary outcomes). Muscle strength and physical performance are primary outcomes of 38% and 31.9% of the trials, respectively. These measurements were obtained using a variety of techniques. Only a few trials evaluate muscle synthesis rate either as a primary or secondary outcome (5.3%). Several nutrition studies focusing on muscle, sarcopenia, and cachexia are underway and can inform future research in this area. Although many trials have similar type of interventions, methodological heterogeneity may challenge study comparisons, and future meta-analyses aiming to provide evidence-based recommendations. Upcoming research in this area may benefit from guidelines for the assessment of therapeutic effects of nutrition interventions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping ongoing nutrition intervention trials in muscle, sarcopenia, and cachexia: a scoping review of future research

Orsso

Montes‐Ibarra

Findlay

et al. 2022

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A number of systematic reviews on the effect of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation on muscle in older adults have recently been published [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]; however, they are limited in that they included older adults with muscle wasting due to diseased states (such as cancer) or did not compare supplementation during RET versus supplementation without RET. Further, this area of research has been expanding rapidly and, therefore, an update to the current state of the literature is warranted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation Alone and Combined with Resistance Exercise on Skeletal Muscle in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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Sarcopenia negatively affects skeletal muscle mass and function in older adults. Omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acid supplementation, with or without resistance exercise training (RET), is suggested to play a role as a therapeutic component to prevent or treat the negative effects of sarcopenia. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on the impact of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation with or without RET on measures of muscle mass and function in older adults (≥55 y). The data sources included SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and Medline. All the study types involving ω-3 fatty acid supplementation on measures of muscle mass and function in older adults (without disease) were included. The mean differences (MDs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and pooled effects assessed. Sixteen studies (1660 females, 778 males) met our inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. ω-3 fatty acid supplementation did not impact lean tissue mass (SMD 0.09 [−0.10, 0.28]). Benefits were observed for lower body strength (SMD 0.37 [0.16, 0.59]), timed-up-and-go (MD 0.29 [0.23, 0.35]s), and 30-s sit-to-stand performance (MD 1.93 [1.59, 2.26] repetitions) but not walking performance (SMD 0.05 [−0.04, 0.13]) or upper body strength (SMD 0.05 [−0.04, 0.13]). Supplementing with ω-3 fatty acids may improve the lower-body strength and functionality in older adults.

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“…Accordingly, factors closely related to inflammation, omega-3 fatty acids, and sarcopenia have been widely investigated in recent years [7][8][9]. Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 LCPUFAs) have been reported to prevent the loss of muscle mass and muscle strength, which are associated with aging, sarcopenia, and frailty [10]. In addition, omega-3 LCPUFAs modulate muscle protein synthesis, thereby enhancing muscle strength and physical performance [8,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake Is Associated with Low Grip Strength in Elderly Korean Females

Bae

Cui

Shin³

2022

Nutrients

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Omega-3 fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have anti-inflammatory properties and have recently been considered essential factors for maintaining muscle health. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between omega-3 fatty acid intakes and sarcopenia by assessing grip strength in elderly Koreans who are at risk of sarcopenia. This study was conducted on 5529 individuals (2449 males and 3080 females) aged ≥65 years from the raw data of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2019. In this study, we analyzed the association between EPA and DHA intake, calculated from a 24-h recall method data, and grip strength, a diagnostic criterion for sarcopenia. The cut-off values for low grip strength were <26 kg for males and <18 kg for females, which were set for the Asian population. The results indicated that elderly females consuming EPA and DHA below the adequate intake (AI) had significantly lower grip strength (p < 0.0001) and, had a higher percentage contribution from carbohydrates, but a significantly lower percentage contribution from protein (p < 0.0001), compared to elderly females consuming EPA and DHA at or above the AI. In addition, after adjusting for confounding factors, the odds of low grip strength were 0.777 times lower among elderly females consuming EPA and DHA at or above the AI than those consuming EPA and DHA below the AI (95% confidence interval: 0.616–0.979, p = 0.0322). These results suggest that sufficient intake of EPA and DHA is pivotal to mitigate a reduction in grip strength and to improve the quality of nutrient intake among elderly females.

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The effect of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on muscle mass and function in sarcopenia: A scoping systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 63 publications

References 118 publications

Mapping ongoing nutrition intervention trials in muscle, sarcopenia, and cachexia: a scoping review of future research

Mapping ongoing nutrition intervention trials in muscle, sarcopenia, and cachexia: a scoping review of future research

Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation Alone and Combined with Resistance Exercise on Skeletal Muscle in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Increased Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake Is Associated with Low Grip Strength in Elderly Korean Females

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