The Effect of Long-Term Ageing at 475 °C on Microstructure and Properties of a Precipitation Hardening MartensiticStainless Steel

Vodárek, Vlastimil; Rožnovská, Gabriela; Kuboň, Zdeněk; Volodarskaja, Anastasia; Palupčíková, Renáta

doi:10.3390/met12101643

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In contrast to the nitric acid-passivated PHSS, the citric acid-passivated PHSS showed a greater tendency toward localized corrosion. Some writers say stainless steels exhibit passive films before and after transformation [82][83][84][85][86]. With noble electrode potentials, transpassivation is a dissolving mechanism in which the steel is activated and starts to dissolve [21,87], and the anodic branch experiences passivation (a feature of stainless steel that has been passivated).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Electrochemical Noise for the Study of Corrosion by Passivated CUSTOM 450 and AM 350 Stainless Steels

Almeraya-Calderon,

Villegas-Tovar,

Maldonado-Bandala

et al. 2024

Metals

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Precipitation-hardening stainless steels, like AM 350 and Custom 450, are extensively utilized in various aerospace applications. The latter steel is utilized for applications needing great strength and corrosion resistance. In contrast, the former steel has a good corrosion resistance and moderate strength. The purpose of this study was to analyze transient frequencies in the electrochemical noise of Custom 450 and AM 350 stainless steels that had been passivated for 60 and 90 min at 25 and 49 °C using baths of citric and nitric acid and then immersed in solutions containing 1% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and 5% sodium chloride (NaCl). The potentiodynamic polychromatic curves employed electrochemical techniques and noise (EN) based on the ASTM-G5 and G199 standards. Two methods of data analysis were applied concerning EN: the domain of frequencies (power spectral density, PSD) and the time–frequency domain (Hilbert-Huang Transform). The PHSS passivated in citric acid indicated current densities in the H2SO4 solution between 10−2 and 10−3 mA/cm2, while those in the NaCl solution were recorded around 10−4 and 10−5 mA/cm2. The citric acid functions as a passivating agent. The results of the electrochemical noise analysis show that the PHSS passivated in nitric acid displayed a greater corrosion resistance. Moreover, there is a tendency for PHSS to be passivated in nitric acid to corrode locally.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Electrochemical Noise for the Study of Corrosion by Passivated CUSTOM 450 and AM 350 Stainless Steels

Almeraya-Calderon,

Villegas-Tovar,

Maldonado-Bandala

et al. 2024

Metals

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“…The current density continues to increase with increases in the anodic potential instead of reaching the stable state within the passive region, thus suggesting that the passive films formed on the PHSS are in an incomplete steady state. Chloride ions (Cl − ) cause this instability since they have a great ability to adhere to the steel surface and then diffuse into the steel through defects in the passive surface film, thus impairing the effectiveness of the passive film of the PHSS [23,28,73,74]. The pseudo-passivation phenomenon observed in the different passivated samples in the polarization curve may be associated with the formation of the Cr(OH) 3 film, and the rupture of the pseudopassivation is accompanied by the detachment of the Cr(OH) 3 film.…”

Section: Potentiodynamic Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Passivated Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steels for Aerospace Applications

Villegas-Tovar

Gaona-Tiburcio

Lara-Banda

et al. 2023

Metals

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Precipitation-hardening (PH) stainless steels (SS) are widely used in various aerospace applications. These steels exhibit good mechanical and corrosion resistance. The electrochemical behavior of 15-5PH, 17-4PH, Custom450 and AM 350 stainless steels passivated with citric and nitric acid baths for 60 and 90 min at 25 and 49 °C were evaluated in 5 wt.% sodium chloride (NaCl) and 1 wt.% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solutions. The electrochemical behavior was studied with potentiodynamic polarization curves (PPC) according to the ASTM G5-13 standard. The results indicated that there are two characteristic mechanisms that are present in the potentiodynamic polarization curves. When the PHSS is immersed in an H2SO4 solution, there is a secondary passivation, and in the NaCl solution, there is a pseudo-passivation (not stable passivation film). The current densities in the NaCl solution were between 10−4 and 10−5 mA/cm2, while those of H2SO4 were recorded around 10−2 and 10−3 mA/cm2. Citric acid does work as a passivating solution, and in some cases, the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel was comparable to that of nitric acid.

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“…8, sodium and chlorine are found surrounding the entire contour of the pits, as well as the pit mount, while other elements (Fe, Cr, O) are homogeneously distributed throughout the alloy. According to the literature [39,40], the passive protective film formed on stainless steel surfaces is highly attributed to the corrosion resistance in these steels. The double-layer structure of SS passive film has a double-layer structure that is rich in Fe and Cr, respectively.…”

Section: Sem Surface Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localized corrosion of 15–5 PH and 17–4 PH stainless steel in NaCl solution

Martínez-Aparicio,

Martínez-Bastidas,

Gaona-Tiburcio

et al. 2023

J Solid State Electrochem

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The importance in the selection of materials in the aeronautical industry for the manufacture of an aircraft is related to the fact that the materials are present during the life cycle of the aircraft. In particular, the precipitation hardening (PH) stainless steel is used in components that require the combination of excellent mechanical properties, as well as corrosion resistance due to aircraft exposure in harsh environments. Inherently corrosion resistant steels achieve an important characteristic which is passivation by forming a protective layer of chromium oxide on the surface. This research aimed to conduct an analysis of the localized corrosion on stainless steel 15-5 PH and 17-4 PH, used on fasteners or engine components. The steels were evaluated in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution, using the electrochemical technique of cyclic potentiodynamic polarization curves (CPP) according to the ASTM 61-86 standard. The microstructural analysis was performed by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that CPP curves showed a positive hysteresis, indicating pitting localized corrosion and the corrosion current density of the 15-5 PH and 17-4 PH stainless steels were 1.31 × 10 -8 and 2.70 × 10 -8 A/cm 2 .

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The Effect of Long-Term Ageing at 475 °C on Microstructure and Properties of a Precipitation Hardening MartensiticStainless Steel

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Use of Electrochemical Noise for the Study of Corrosion by Passivated CUSTOM 450 and AM 350 Stainless Steels

Use of Electrochemical Noise for the Study of Corrosion by Passivated CUSTOM 450 and AM 350 Stainless Steels

Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Passivated Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steels for Aerospace Applications

Localized corrosion of 15–5 PH and 17–4 PH stainless steel in NaCl solution

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