The Effect of Magnesium and Vitamin E Co-Supplementation on Glycemic Control and Markers of Cardio-Metabolic Risk in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Abstract

Data on the effects of magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation on glycemic control and markers of cardio-metabolic risk of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were collected. This investigation was conducted to evaluate the effects of magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation on glycemic control and markers of cardio-metabolic risk in women with PCOS. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was carried out on 60 women with PCOS, aged 18–40 years old. Participants were randomly divided into two groups to receive 250 mg/day magnesium plus 400 mg/day vitamin E supplements or placebo (n=30 each group) for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after the 12-week intervention to quantify related variables. After the 12-week intervention, compared with the placebo, magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation led to a significant reduction in serum insulin levels (–1.1±3.0 vs. +1.6±3.7 μIU/ml, p=0.003) and homeostatic model of assessment for insulin resistance (–0.2±0.7 vs. +0.4±0.9, p=0.002), and a significant increase in the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.01±0.01 vs. –0.009±0.02, p=0.003). Furthermore, magnesium plus vitamin E supplementation significantly decreased serum triglycerides (–15.0±24.4 vs. +6.7±22.2 mg/dl, p=0.001) and VLDL-cholesterol concentrations (–3.0±4.9 vs. +0.6±2.4 mg/dl, P=0.01) compared with the placebo. A trend toward a greater decrease in total cholesterol levels was observed in magnesium plus vitamin E group compared to placebo group (–7.0±32.6 vs. +8.1±26.6 mg/dl, p=0.05). In conclusion, magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation for 12 weeks to PCOS women had beneficial effects on parameters of insulin metabolism and few markers of cardio-metabolic risk.

Study of Trace Elements Selenium, Copper, Zinc and Manganese Level in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

“…Also, there are some scientific reports have demonstrated that selenium plays a significant vital role in the undisturbed functioning of the reproductive system which prove to the correlations between the Se intake and the fertility as well as disorders of procreation processes 29 In the current study, the Level of Mg was found to be significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in primary and secondary PCOS (obese-non obase) compared with that of control. Similar results were observed 8 .On the other hand, there was no significant (P>0.05) when comparing the level of Mg between primary and secondary (in both obese and non-obese PCOS patients), Decreased levels of trace elements such as Mg have been shown in various reproductive events like infertility, spontaneous abortions, congenital anomalies, preeclampsia, placental abruption, premature rupture of membranes, still births and low birth weight 30. Furthemore, decreased level of Mg can paradoxically increased the risk factor of, or protect against oncogenesis. It has been reported that Mg is central in the cell cycle, and that its deficiency is an important conditioner in precancerous cell transformation.…”

Vitamin D Supplementation, Serum 25(OH)D Concentrations and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…The duration of intervention lasted 3 months to 5 years, with an average duration of 9.6 ± 9.2 months (median = 6 months). The daily dose of supplemental vitamin D ranged from 400 ( 66 , 67 , 91 , 94 , 104 ) to 12,000 IU ( 116 ), with an average of 2,967 ± 2,271 IU/day. Baseline serum 25(OH)D concentration varied widely from 16 ( 121 ) to 95 nmol/l ( 110 ), with the average of 45 ± 16 nmol/L in both vitamin D and placebo groups.…”

“…Across all studies, vitamin D supplementation significantly decreased TG (pooled effect size −0.12 ± 0.06 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.24 to −0.003, p = 0.04, I 2 = 64%) (Figure 4 ). Ten individual studies reported significant reductions in serum triglycerides with vitamin D supplementation ( 50 , 84 , 92 , 94 , 113 , 121 , 125 , 127 , 134 , 135 ) and 11 studies indicated a decreasing trend with vitamin D supplementation ( 69 , 78 , 80 , 101 , 108 , 109 , 115 , 116 , 118 , 120 , 124 ). Seventeen of the 38 studies reported null findings or increased serum TG levels (Figure 4 ).…”

Development, validation and comparison of four methods for quantifying endogenous 25OH‐D3 in human plasma

“…Vitamin D deficiency has been demonstrated to be associated with skeletal diseases, asthma, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, tumors, depression, diabetes, infectious diseases and obesity by many epidemiological studies (Chen, Wen, Kuo, & Chen, ; Gotlieb et al, ; Jamilian, Maktabi, & Asemi, ; Khoo et al, ; Lee et al, ; Madden, Murphy, Zgaga, & Bennett, ; Murphy, Mueller, Hulsey, Ebeling, & Wagner, ; Prietl et al, ; Tizaoui et al, ), and has become a global public health problem. Concern about these diseases has dramatically increasesd the demand for vitamin D monitoring especially for people working indoors (Okabe et al, ).…”