The effect of magnesium ions on the precipitation of calcium phosphates

Ion-association complexes unite classical and non-classical theories for the biomimetic nucleation of calcium phosphate

“…LDSAED from plates aged for 1 month revealed a peak at d ¼ 0.28 nm corresponding to the (211)/(112) planes of AP (Fig. 3a), implicating that, as in previous reports 23,24,[28][29][30][31] , the OCP-like structure acted as a precursor for AP. These structural developments were supported by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, Fig.…”

High-efficiency gene delivery for expression in mammalian cells by nanoprecipitates of Ca–Mg phosphate

“…4) indicates formation of insufficient amount of nanoparticles (see Fig. 3) because Mg 2+ , beyond a level, could abolish precipitation reaction (Kibalczyc et al, 1990;Salimi et al, 1985).…”

“…The molar ratio values ( Table 2) indicate formation of hydroxyapatite with the formula Ca 10Àx Mg x (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 for samples 1 to 3 and octacalcium phosphate (OCP), with the formula Ca 4Àx Mg x (PO 4 ) 3 for samples 4 to 8, thereby suggesting that a high Mg 2+ level drives the reaction to the formation of OCP (Kibalczyc et al, 1990;Salimi et al, 1985).…”

PEGylated Calcium Phosphate Nanocomposites as Smart Environment‐Sensitive Carriers for siRNA Delivery

“…It was explained that the incorporation of Mg 2þ into CaP retarded particle growth by a distorted atomic structure upon replacement of Ca 2þ with Mg 2þ . [26,27] In conclusion, this study demonstrated a facile route to prepare a nanosized and uniform hybrid nanomicellar carriers, which efficiently entrap siRNA in their inner core surrounded by a biocompatible PEG palisade. The hybrid nanocarriers exhibited impressive characteristics, such as prompt responsivity toward the intracellular reducing environment, prolonged stability in serum-containing medium, and substantial RNAi efficacy.…”