The Effect of Maternal Diet with Fish Oil on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Sow and New-Born Piglets

Abstract

Pregnancy is an oxidative stress and immune challenge for the mother. Fish oil is rich in EPA and DHA, which can partly inhibit aspects of inflammation and restore antioxidant capacity. In the present study, we investigated the effect of maternal diet with fish oil during the late gestation period on oxidative stress and inflammatory response in sows and their progenies. Twelve second-parity sows were allocated equally into two groups. Sows were fed either the soybean oil diet (SD) or soybean oil+fish oil diet (FD) during the gestation period. The plasma of sows, cord blood, and new-born piglets were collected. Full-term placentas and livers of new-born piglets were also sampled. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in the plasma of sows on farrowing day were higher, and the concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PGE2) in the plasma of sows on farrowing day and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the plasma of cord blood were lower in the FD group than those in the SD group (P<0.05). The FD downregulated the expression of SOD, IL-1β, IL-6, and transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 binding protein 1 (TAB1) mRNA but upregulated the expression of lipoxygenase enzyme 5 (ALOX5) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA in placentas (P<0.05). The FD downregulated the protein expression level of p-JNK/JNK in placentas (P<0.05). In the livers of new-born piglets, the FD upregulated the expression of ALOX5 (P<0.05) and G-protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) (P<0.05) mRNA. Our results suggest that the maternal diet with fish oil might alleviate oxidative stress in sows on farrowing day and modulate inflammatory response in full-term placentas by inhibiting the JNK signal pathway. Moreover, the maternal diet with fish oil might partly regulate the neonatal immune response of their progenies.

Maternal Supplementation with Polyphenols and Omega-3 Fatty Acids during Pregnancy: Effects on Growth, Metabolism, and Body Composition of the Offspring

“…Prolongation of gestation, by a lesser susceptibility to preterm parturition, would increase the size and weight of newborns in pregnancies at risk of preterm delivery. The same pattern has been described in sheep models [ 37 , 38 ], and in some studies in pig models when they were given fish oil [ 39 , 40 ]. However, we didn’t find evidence in the current study.…”

Impact of sugar beet pulp and wheat bran on serum biochemical profile, inflammatory responses and gut microbiota in sows during late gestation and lactation

“…Moreover, even during lactation, the drastic catabolism and anabolism due to milk synthesis also can further contribute to metabolic disorders and in ammatory responses in sows [4,5]. Long-term exposure to in ammation may, in turn, induce poor health status or even diseases [6]. Therefore, it is necessary to develop strategies to alleviate in ammatory responses and metabolic disorders in sows, especially during late gestation and lactation.…”

The diets of sows with fish oil might decrease the oxidative stress and inflammatory response in sows, but increase the susceptibility to inflammatory response in their offspring

“…Marianne et al (2018) reported that supplementation of DHA in piglets can signi cantly reduce the oxidative stress response caused by lipid peroxidation [28]. Although there is no report about the effect of dietary sh oil on the mRNA expression of antioxidant enzyme in the livers of piglets, placental antioxidant system has a proper capability to compensate for the oxidative stress through increasing gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in placenta [8,29,30]. We postulated that hepatic antioxidant system of piglets may also have an adaptive response to oxidative stress.…”

“…Recent evidences from animal models indicate that LPS-induced acute liver injury is caused by a variety of factors including in ammation, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism disorders. In our previous study, the supplementation of sh oil in sow diet was associated with longer gestation, alleviate oxidative stress in sows on farrowing day and modulate in ammatory response in sows and their offspring [8]. As mentioned above, we hypothesized that the maternal diet with sh oil could change the in ammatory response of the sows and potentiate the resistance for in ammation in the piglets suckling sh oil supplemented sow under the stimulation of immune stress.…”