The effect of mechanical deformation to the magnetic properties of stainless steel 304

Mubarok, Naila; Notonegoro, Hamdan Akbar; Thosin, Kemas Ahmad Zaini; Manaf, Azwar

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/776/1/012014

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Manufacturing processes like folding, stamping, drilling, extruding or punching can induce an structural transition from austenite to martensite, leading to a weak magnetization of the otherwise non-magnetic SSs [8][9][10]. Furthermore, this effect has been studied in detail in the particular alloy of our shelves [11][12][13]. It is worth noting that even though the explanation of our findings is based on facts well known by the metallurgy industry, they are probably ignored by most part of the scientific community working with cell cultures, including magnetobiology researchers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic field inhomogeneities due to CO₂incubator shelves: a source of experimental confounding and variability?

Makinistian

Belyaev

2018

R. Soc. open sci.

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A thorough assessment of the static magnetic field (SMF) inside a CO2 incubator allowed us to identify non-negligible inhomogeneities close to the floor, ceiling, walls and the door. Given that incubator's shelves are made of a non-magnetic stainless steel alloy, we did not expect any important effect of them on the SMF. Surprisingly, we did find relatively strong distortion of the SMF due to shelves. Indeed, our high-resolution maps of the SMF revealed that distortion is such that field intensities differing by a factor of up to 36 were measured on the surface of the shelf at locations only few millimetres apart from each other. Furthermore, the most intense of these fields was around five times greater than the ones found inside the incubator (without the metallic shelves in), while the lowest one was around 10 times lower, reaching the so-called hypomagnetic field range. Our findings, together with a survey of the literature on biological effects of hypomagnetic fields, soundly support the idea that SMF inhomogeneities inside incubators, especially due to shelves' holes, are a potential source of confounding and variability in experiments with cell cultures kept in an incubator.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic field inhomogeneities due to CO₂incubator shelves: a source of experimental confounding and variability?

Makinistian

Belyaev

2018

R. Soc. open sci.

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“…Stainless steel 304 (SS304) is one of the stainless steel that is often used in the design industry. Because SS304 has advantages such as having resistance to corrosion against a variety of good environmental conditions [6][7][8][9]. SS304 has chemical properties shown in Table 1 and material properties shown in Table 2.…”

Section: Materials Typementioning

confidence: 99%

Harmonic Response Analysis of Strut Fin on Planar Motion Mechanism

Priohutomo¹,

Ariyanto²

2019

EPI-IJE

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In a material selection design that will be used is one important step. Because by selecting the right material with the appropriate material properties, it can be seen the harmonic response value of a structure. By knowing the value of harmonic response in a structure, at the time of testing can avoid damage to the structure. In this study the material used for Fin Planar Motion Mechanism (PMM) is Stainless Steel 304 (SS 304). To calculate the harmonic response, the SPSS method is used. From the research results in the range 1-100 Hz the displacement value is still below the limit with a maximum value of 2.50E-12 mm and a maximum stress value of 2.95E-05 Pa.

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“…In the previous study, the deformation by the cold rolled process has transformed the austenite structure into martensitic structure [3]. Moreover, at in 20 % distortion, the value of magnetization is increased above 0.2 T with a small coercivity and caused the ability of corrosion resistant decreases by magnetic measurement [4,5]. However, Etessami et al reported that the increase of annealing time of 80 % cold rolled 304 led to the formation of austenite at the edge of fine recrystallized ferrite grain boundaries [6].…”

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confidence: 93%

Comparative Mechanical Improvement of Stainless Steel 304 Through Three Methods

Mubarok

Notonegoro

Thosin

2018

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Abstract. Stainless Steel 304 (SS304) is one of stainless steel group widely used in industries for various purposes. In this paper, we compared the experimental process to enhance the mechanical properties of the surface SS304 through three different methods, cold rolled, annealed salt baht bronzing (ASB), and annealed salt baht boronizing-quench (ASB-Q). The phase change in SS304 due to the cold rolled process makes this method is to abandon. The increasing of the annealing time in the ASB method has a nonlinear relationship with the increases in hardness value. Comparing to the increases in hardness value of the ASB method, the hardness value of ASB-Q methods is still lower than that method.Keywords. Annealing, ASB, and stainless Steel 304. IntroductionStainless Steel 304 (SS304) is one of stainless steel group which is widely used in industries for various purposes. Austenitic stainless steels have excellent corrosion resistance in many environments and good weldability as part of the high strength and good formability [1]. One use of SS304 is as a crude oil transport pipelines from an oil well to a processing plant in oil and gas industry. This transport method consumes less energy (compared to conveyer belt transportation). However, SS304 has many components fail in practice. Severe metallic wear frequently endures the SS304 as the effect of degradation of pipelines (erosion) by fine solids (clays), bitumen, and sands is a critical issue. In these situations, it is necessary to modify the surface properties while it is still important to maintain the nature of the SS304 itself [2]. For these purposes, various attempts have been made to engineer the surfaces of austenitic stainless steels. These efforts include cold rolled, carburizing and boronization methods. In the previous study, the deformation by the cold rolled process has transformed the austenite structure into martensitic structure [3]. Moreover, at in 20 % distortion, the value of magnetization is increased above 0.2 T with a small coercivity and caused the ability of corrosion resistant decreases by magnetic measurement [4,5]. However, Etessami et al. reported that the increase of annealing time of 80 % cold rolled 304 led to the formation of austenite at the edge of fine recrystallized ferrite grain boundaries [6]. Furthermore, the Enriching of the surface with boron had investigated by means of boron atoms diffuse into the metallic lattice of the surface of a workpiece, where provides wear and abrasion resistance [7].

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The effect of mechanical deformation to the magnetic properties of stainless steel 304

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Magnetic field inhomogeneities due to CO₂incubator shelves: a source of experimental confounding and variability?

Magnetic field inhomogeneities due to CO₂incubator shelves: a source of experimental confounding and variability?

Harmonic Response Analysis of Strut Fin on Planar Motion Mechanism

Comparative Mechanical Improvement of Stainless Steel 304 Through Three Methods

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The effect of mechanical deformation to the magnetic properties of stainless steel 304

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Magnetic field inhomogeneities due to CO2incubator shelves: a source of experimental confounding and variability?

Magnetic field inhomogeneities due to CO2incubator shelves: a source of experimental confounding and variability?

Harmonic Response Analysis of Strut Fin on Planar Motion Mechanism

Comparative Mechanical Improvement of Stainless Steel 304 Through Three Methods

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Product

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Magnetic field inhomogeneities due to CO₂incubator shelves: a source of experimental confounding and variability?

Magnetic field inhomogeneities due to CO₂incubator shelves: a source of experimental confounding and variability?