The effect of medications which cause inflammation of the gastro‐oesophageal tract on cancer risk: a nested case–control study of routine Scottish data

Busby, John; Murchie, Peter; Murray, Liam; Iversen, Lisa; Lee, Dean A.; Spence, Andrew; Watson, Margaret; Cardwell, Christopher

doi:10.1002/ijc.30612

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Die Datenlage hierzu ist widersprüchlich [58 -62]. Nach der jüngsten Fall-Kontroll-Studie fand sich ein geringfügig erhöhtes Risiko für Bisphosphonate (OR 1,34; 95 % CI 1,03 -1,74), ohne dass eine Dosisabhängigkeit festgestellt werden konnte [63].…”

Section: Hintergrundunclassified

S3-Leitlinie – Diagnostik und Therapie der Plattenepithelkarzinome und Adenokarzinome des Ösophagus

et al. 2019

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Section: Hintergrundunclassified

S3-Leitlinie – Diagnostik und Therapie der Plattenepithelkarzinome und Adenokarzinome des Ösophagus

et al. 2019

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“…Characteristics and information of 10 studies are shown in Table 1. In total, there were four cohort studies 15‐18 and six nested case‐control studies 19‐24 incorporated into our analysis. Two of the studies only included women, and the other eight studies included both men and women.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two of the studies were taken in South Korea, one in Denmark, two in Taiwan, two in England, two in America and one in Scottish. In addition, nine of the studies 15‐23 showed that there was no significant association found between bisphosphonate use, and a little correlation was found in the remaining study 24 . All studies provided an adjusted effect size.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Busby et al 24 indicated that there was little evidence on the use of bisphosphonates was associated with the increased risk of oesophageal cancer. (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.03‐1.74,) However, others showed that the use of bisphosphonates would not increase the risks of oesophageal cancer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study by Busby et al 24 showed that there was little evidence on the use of bisphosphonates was associated with the increased risk of oesophageal cancer (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.03‐1.74,), which was based on the latest evidence in Europe. Additionally, in Vinogradova et al(b), 21 we found that there was potential evidence to prove the increased risk of oesophageal cancer with using the bisphosphonates in Europe (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.97‐1.43).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bisphosphonates and risk of oesophageal cancer: A meta‐analysis

Zhong

2020

GastroHep

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Summary Background Nowadays, the use of bisphosphonates is common. Bisphosphonates play an important role in the therapy and precaution of osteoporosis. The use of bisphosphonates may have concerned with cancer, especially oesophageal and gastric cancer. Nevertheless, whether bisphosphonates would cause oesophageal cancer have not been determined. Methods Two investigators independently selected correlative studies via PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Database in February 2020. No language restriction in our searched strategy. The random effects were used to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the risk of oesophageal cancer in bisphosphonate users compared with non‐users and the adjusted effect size would be used to calculate the combined effect size. We utilised the Egger's regression model to qualify publication bias. The sensitivity analyses were performed in our study to examine the stability of the results. We proceeded in a particular meta‐analysis of observational studies in the relationship between bisphosphonates or alendronate and carcinoma of the oesophagus. Result Finally, there were 10 studies being included in our meta‐analysis. Among them, there were six nested case‐control studies and four cohort studies. Preliminary analysis showed that the use of bisphosphonates was not associated with oesophageal cancer in both nested case‐control group (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.92‐1.23) and cohort study (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.63‐1.06). There was no heterogeneity in cohort studies or nested case‐control studies. No significant OR was found in the analyses of continents, women, alendronate and histologic types of oesophageal carcinoma. Conclusion According to the current analysis, the use of bisphosphonates was not associated with the development of oesophageal cancer.

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Association of Spironolactone Use With Risk of Cancer

et al. 2022

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ImportanceWhile originally approved for the management of heart failure, hypertension, and edema, spironolactone is commonly used off label in the management of acne, hidradenitis, androgenetic alopecia, and hirsutism. However, spironolactone carries an official warning from the US Food and Drug Administration regarding potential for tumorigenicity.ObjectiveTo determine the pooled occurrence of cancers, in particular breast and prostate cancers, among those who were ever treated with spironolactone.Data SourcesPubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception through June 11, 2021. The search was restricted to studies in the English language.Study SelectionIncluded studies reported the occurrence of cancers in men and women 18 years and older who were exposed to spironolactone.Data Extraction and SynthesisTwo independent reviewers (K.B. and H.H.) selected studies, extracted data, and appraised the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Studies were synthesized using random effects meta-analysis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCancer occurrence, with a focus on breast and prostate cancers.ResultsSeven studies met eligibility criteria, with sample sizes ranging from 18 035 to 2.3 million and a total population of 4 528 332 individuals (mean age, 62.6-72.0 years; in the studies without stratification by sex, women accounted for 17.2%-54.4%). All studies were considered to be of low risk of bias. No statistically significant association was observed between spironolactone use and risk of breast cancer (risk ratio [RR], 1.04; 95% CI, 0.86-1.22; certainty of evidence very low). There was an association between spironolactone use and decreased risk of prostate cancer (RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.68-0.90; certainty of evidence very low). There was no statistically significant association between spironolactone use and risk of ovarian cancer (RR, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.84-2.20; certainty of evidence very low), bladder cancer (RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.71-1.07; certainty of evidence very low), kidney cancer (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.85-1.07; certainty of evidence low), gastric cancer (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.80-1.24; certainty of evidence low), or esophageal cancer (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.91-1.27; certainty of evidence low).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, spironolactone use was not associated with a substantial increased risk of cancer and was associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer. However, the certainty of the evidence was low and future studies are needed, including among diverse populations such as younger individuals and those with acne or hirsutism.

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The effect of medications which cause inflammation of the gastro‐oesophageal tract on cancer risk: a nested case–control study of routine Scottish data

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

S3-Leitlinie – Diagnostik und Therapie der Plattenepithelkarzinome und Adenokarzinome des Ösophagus

S3-Leitlinie – Diagnostik und Therapie der Plattenepithelkarzinome und Adenokarzinome des Ösophagus

Bisphosphonates and risk of oesophageal cancer: A meta‐analysis

Association of Spironolactone Use With Risk of Cancer

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