The effect of melatonin on circadian blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes and essential hypertension

Abstract

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of melatonin on blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension receiving medical treatment and with type 2 diabetes in good metabolic control.Material and methodsThe study lasted 8 weeks. Patients were equipped with a 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitor and took melatonin (3 mg a day in the evening) for 4 weeks. The patients were divided into four groups: group 1 (n = 32) including dippers, group 2 (n = 34) non-dippers treated with melatonin; and two control groups: group 3 (n = 28) including dippers and group 4 (n = 30) non-dippers treated without melatonin. After 4 weeks patients took melatonin for the next 4 weeks (5 mg a day). In each visit were analyzed: systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure in both day and night time.ResultsWe observed that 29.5% non-dippers (n = 10) treated with melatonin in a dose of 3 mg/day achieved features of dippers compared to control group (p < 0.05). Five mg of melatonin per day restored normal diurnal blood pressure rhythm in 32.4% non-dippers (n = 11, p < 0.05). In non-dippers treated with melatonin significant decreases of diastolic, systolic and mean night blood pressure values (p < 0.05) were observed.ConclusionsMore than 30% of non-dippers with type 2 diabetes treated with melatonin were restored to the normal circadian rhythm of blood pressure. The effect of melatonin in both doses (3 mg and 5 mg) was significant for non-dippers only and included nocturnal systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure.

Melatonin, mitochondria, and the metabolic syndrome

“…Patients with coronary artery disease show decreased melatonin secretion [128][129][130][131] and among elderly hypertensive individuals, nocturnal urinary melatonin excretion was inversely associated with the non-dipper pattern [132]. In turn, administered melatonin proved capable of reducing nocturnal blood pressure in hypertensives [135][136][137][138] and attenuated age-dependent disturbances of cardiovascular rhythms [139]. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials suggest that a controlled release preparation of melatonin is effective and safe in improving nocturnal hypertension [162].…”

Inflammaging, Metabolic Syndrome and Melatonin: A Call for Treatment Studies

“…Patients with coronary artery disease show decreased melatonin secretion [31][32][33][34] and among elderly hypertensive individuals, nocturnal urinary melatonin excretion was inversely associated with the non-dipper pattern [114].In turn, administered melatonin proved capable of reducing nocturnal blood pressure in hypertensives [117][118][119][120] and attenuated age-dependent disturbances of cardiovascular rhythms [121]. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials suggest that melatonin controlled release is effective and safe in improving nocturnal hypertension [136].…”

Disturbances in melatonin secretion and the efficacy of replacement therapy in sleep disorders

“…Добавление мелатонина к стандартной терапии метаболического синдрома и сахарного диабета показало свою эффективность в снижении артериального давления, нормализации обмена липидов, углеводного обмена [18,19].…”