The effect of methanol in the first catalytic converter of the Claus sulfur recovery unit

Lavery, Christopher B.; Marrugo-Hernandez, Juan J.; Sui, Ruohong; Dowling, Norman I.; Marriott, Robert A.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.10.128

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The overall energy balance equation is as follows: (11) The enthalpy difference is calculated based on the following equation (12) The kinetic energy is calculated based on the following equation: (13) The potential energy is calculated based on the following equation:…”

Section: Energy Balance Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exergy Study of Sour Water Stripper Unit of Delayed Coker Unit in a Refinery plant: A Real Start-Up Plant

2021

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Process sour water produced from refinery contains some hazardous pollutants as (H2S and NH3). Sour water stripper units remove both compounds from water. The two stripped pollutants are sent to Sulphur recovery unit to produce Sulphur and prevent any acidic emissions against environmental regulations. The sour water stripper unit serving the delayed Coker unit was simulated with Aspen HYSYS V.11 and an exergy study was conducted on different equipment. While energy is transformed from a form to another, exergy is destructed in an irreversible process. The total exergy is equal to physical and chemical exergies. Physical exergy is calculated through HYSYS and chemical exergy is calculated through a series of equations embedded in excel. The exergy destruction rates, the destruction efficiency and the percentage share of the destruction of each equipment was calculated. The total unit destruction rate was 2996.25 kW. The stripper showed the highest destruction rate 2592.23 kW and a percentage share of 86.52 % of total destruction. The overall efficiency of exergy is 81.58%. A comparison was conducted between the exergy results of this study with two other exergy studies performed in the same refinery plant. The columns in the three studies showed the highest destruction rates exceeding 78% of the total destruction of each unit. The air coolers showed the second-highest destruction rates in their units with a percentage share exceeding 7% of total destruction. The pumps showed the lowest destruction rates with values of less than 1% of the total destruction of each unit.

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Section: Energy Balance Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrogen Sulphide is used as feed to sulphur recovery plants (SRU) to produce elemental Sulphur [9,10]. The main purpose of SRU plants is to prevent H2S emissions against environmental regulations in the world [11,12,13]. The modified Claus process is the most used one to produce Sulphur [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exergy Study of Sour Water Stripper Unit of Delayed Coker Unit in a Refinery plant: A Real Start-Up Plant

2021

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“…Hydrogen sulfide produced in the refining industry is regarded as a hazardous pollutant due to its toxic and acidic nature (Khatami et al, 2016). In order to comply with international environmental regulations, sulfur recovery unit (SRU) plants convert hydrogen sulfide into elemental sulfur (Lavery et al, 2019;Mahmoodi et al, 2017) and stop the emission of any acidic gases (Ibrahim et al, 2017;Abdoli et al, 2019;Sui et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance assessment and process optimization of a sulfur recovery unit: a real starting up plant

Ibrahim

Ashour

Gadalla

et al. 2023

Environ Monit Assess

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Sulfur recovery units (SRU) have an important role in the industrial production of elemental sulfur from hydrogen sulfide, whereas the generated acidic gas emissions must be controlled and treated based on local and international environmental regulations. Herein, Aspen HYSYS V.11 with Sulsim software is used to simulate the industrial and treatment processes in a refinery plant in the Middle East. In the simulation models, in temperature, pressure, flow, energy, and gas emissions were monitored to predict any expected change that could occur during the industrial processes. The simulation models were validated by comparing the obtained data with actual industrial data, and the results showed low deviation values. The simulation results showed that the current process temperature conditions can work efficiently for sulfur production without causing any environmental consequences. Interestingly, the simulation results revealed that sulfur can be produced under the optimized temperature conditions (20° less than design temperatures) with a total amount of steam reduction by 1040.12 kg/h and without any negative impact on the environment. The steam reduction could have a great economic return, where an average cost of 7.6 $ per ton could be saved with a total estimated cost savings by 69,247.03 $ per year. The simulation revealed an inaccurate production capacity calculated by real data in the plant during the performance test guarantee (PTG) where the real data achieved around 1 ton/h higher capacity than the simulation result, with an overall recovery efficiency of 99.96%. Based on this significant result, a solution was raised, and the level transmitters were calibrated, then the test was repeated. The simulation models could be very useful for engineers to investigate and optimize the reaction conditions during the industrial process in sulfur production facilities. Hence, the engineers can utilize these models to recognize any potential problem, thereby providing effective and fast solutions. Additionally, the simulation models could participate in assessing the performance test guarantee (PTG) calculations provided by the contractor.

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“…It causes severe damage to equipment as a result of its corrosiveness and may cause human death [1,2]. Sulfur recovery unit (SRU) plants recover elemental sulfur from harmful H 2 S [3,4] to prevent any acidic gas emissions from violating environmental regulations [5,6,7]. Recently, most plants have used the modified Claus process for sulfur recovery [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exergy study of amine regeneration unit using diethanolamine in a refinery plant: A real start-up plant

Ibrahim

Ashour

Gadalla

2021

Heliyon

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Refinery plants use diethanolamine (DEA) solutions for gas sweetening. The role of DEA is to absorb H 2 S from sour gas. Amine Regeneration Units (ARU) are used to regenerate the rich Amine with H 2 S from refinery units to Lean Amine. An ARU unit of a Middle Eastern refinery that began official production in 2020 was simulated using Aspen HYSYS V.11, and an exergy study was conducted on different equipment. Whereas energy is transformed from one form to another, the exergy is destroyed in an irreversible process. The total exergy was equal to the physical and chemical exergy. The physical exergy was calculated using HYSYS, and the chemical exergy was calculated using a series of equations embedded in Excel. The DEA concentration used was 25 wt%. The exergy destruction rates, destruction efficiency, and percentage share of destruction of each piece of equipment were calculated. The regenerator exhibited the highest destruction rate of 13459.73 kW, and a percentage share of 79.61% of the total destruction. The overall exergy efficiency was 99.7%. The DEA concentration decreased from 25% to 20% as a result of system losses during start-up. Therefore, a case study was conducted to test the effect of this decrease in the H 2 S concentration in the sweet gas, and no effect was observed. An exergy study was conducted using an DEA of 20%. The distribution of the equipment destruction did not change. The total destruction loss increased by 2057.08 kW. From the exergy and operation point of view, the best scenario was to use a 25% concentration, to prevent destruction losses and operation problems.

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The effect of methanol in the first catalytic converter of the Claus sulfur recovery unit

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Exergy Study of Sour Water Stripper Unit of Delayed Coker Unit in a Refinery plant: A Real Start-Up Plant

Exergy Study of Sour Water Stripper Unit of Delayed Coker Unit in a Refinery plant: A Real Start-Up Plant

Performance assessment and process optimization of a sulfur recovery unit: a real starting up plant

Exergy study of amine regeneration unit using diethanolamine in a refinery plant: A real start-up plant

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