The effect of mitomycin C on the induced synthesis of penicillinase in Staphylococcus aureus

Coles, N. W.; Gross, R

doi:10.1016/0006-291x(65)90374-8

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…With the one strain of Mitomycin C demonstrated frequent synergism, and this was prominent with the aminoglycosides in all species. In addition to its inhibition of DNA synthesis, Coles and Gross (9) observed that mitomycin C inhibited penicillinase synthesis in S. aureus. We have shown (14) that combinations of ,B-lactam antibiotics with mitomycin C were often synergistic on S. aureus, but with the gram-negative bacilli synergism was mainly noted in combinations with carbenicillin on E. coli and P. aeruginosa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bactericidal effect of combinations of antimicrobial drugs and antineoplastic antibiotics against gram-negative bacilli

Michel¹,

Jacobs²,

Sacks³

1979

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Six antineoplastic antibiotics showed little antibacterial activity against 28 strains of four species of gram-negative enteric bacteria. By using the cellophane transfer technique, combinations of these agents with 16 antibacterial drugs usually showed indifference. However, combinations of mitomycin C, especially with the aminoglycosides, were synergistic on strains of Escherichia coli, Proteus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Bleomycin, on the other hand, often showed antagonism on strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae with the ,B-lactams, aminoglycosides, and other antibacterial agents. Checkerboard titrations and kinetic killing curves confirmed these findings.We have recently described (14) both synergism and antagonism with combinations of each of six antineoplastic antibiotics and each of 16 antibacterial drugs when tested against 10 strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The present paper records the bactericidal activity of the same drug combinations on four species ofgramnegative bacilli which are commonly implicated in infections occurring in patients with malignant neoplastic disease (2,10,12).(This work will be submitted to the Hebrew University of Jerusalem by J. Y. J. in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Ph.D. degree.)MATERIALS AND METHODSThe 28 strains of gram-negative bacilli used were isolated from blood, urine, and pus samples in the Department of Clinical Microbiology of the Hadassah University Hospital and consisted of 6 strains of Escherichia coli, 3 strains ofProteus mirabilis, 2 ofProteus morganii, 1 of Proteus rettgeri, 6 of Kkbsiella pneumoniae and 10 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The combinations of antibacterial and antineoplastic agents were initially screened by the cellophane transfer technique (3-5, 7). Details of this method and the other methods used to determine minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) and for the quantitative evaluation of combined activity were described in our previous paper (14).The antibacterial drugs, antineoplastic antibiotics, and the concentrations of the drugs employed to impregnate the test strips used in the cellophane transfer technique were identical to those described by Jacobs et al. (14) except for penicillin G (600 tg/ml) and rifampin (1,000 ,g/ml). The results of cellophane transfer screening were classified as synergism, indifference, or antagonism by two of the authors independently according to published criteria (4, 11). Doubtful results were duplicated or triplicated.Checkerboard titrations (14) were used to confirm the synergistic and antagonistic combinations indicated by the cellophane transfer technique.Fractional bactericidal concentrations (FBCs) of each drug were calculated by dividing the MBC of the drug in combination by the MBC of the drug alone. The total of the FBCs of the two drugs tested is the FBC index (XFBC) (14). Kinetic killing curves were prepared after following the action of the drug combination during 24 h, in examples selected according to results of the cellophane tra...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bactericidal effect of combinations of antimicrobial drugs and antineoplastic antibiotics against gram-negative bacilli

Michel¹,

Jacobs²,

Sacks³

1979

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…reference strains and new clinical isolates of bacteria. In general, gram-positive bacteria such as streptococcal species and staphylococcal species seem to be more sensitive to antineoplastic drugs than the gram-negatives [1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9,11,13]. Thus, future studies should perhaps include gram-positive bacteria when studying possible long-term effects of antineoplastic exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…doxorubicin [4,9,11,13], etoposide [1,2,8,11,13] and fluorouracil [1,3,9,10,13,14,15], appear to have a more pronounced antibacterial effect than other antineoplastic drugs. Furthermore, certain bacteria seem to be more susceptible to anticancer drugs than others, especially gram-positives such as Streptococcus viridans [1,2,4,8,11], Staphylococcus epidermidis [1,3,9,11] and Staphylococcus aureus [1,2,3,5,9,13]. A recently published study showed that several antineoplastic drugs had inhibitory effects on Candida albicans [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unchanged Antibiotic Susceptibility in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> after Long-Term in vitro Exposure to Antineoplastic Drugs

et al. 2012

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Background: Certain antineoplastic drugs inhibit bacterial growth. Whether these drugs also cause genetic changes in bacteria that lead to increased antibiotic resistance is not yet documented. Given the massive and repeated antibiotic treatment most cancer patients undergo, this question is important. We have examined the possible effects of in vitro long-term antineoplastic exposure on antibiotic resistance. Methods: Using the disc diffusion method, two bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, ATCC 25922, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ATCC 27583) were exposed to methotrexate, fluorouracil, vincristine, doxorubicin and cytarabine during 50 overnight cycles. The bacterial strains were susceptibility-tested to several antibiotics before and after repeated exposure to antineoplastics. Results: No changes in antibiotic susceptibility were seen in the two bacterial strains after long-term exposure to any of the antineoplastic drugs tested. Conclusion: Long-term in vitro antineoplastic exposure did not change the antibiotic susceptibility in the E. coli or P. aeruginosa strains.

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“…5. Fragmentation of chromosomes is in turn the result of DNA breakdown.Other processes inhibited by mitomycin include synthesis of induced enzymes TCHEN, 1962, 1963;CUMMINGS, 1965; KIT et al, 1963;SHIBA et al, 1958; TAKAGI, 1963;CoLES and GRoss, 1965), repression of alkaline phosphatase (HIRAGA, 1966), cell capacity to serve as phage (HERCIK, 1963) or viral hosts (BEN-PORAT et al, 1961), and DNA-mediated transformation, both by treatment of the recipient cells (BALASSA, 1962) as already mentioned and by inactivation of the DNA donor cells at high mitomycin concentrations (IYER and SZ¥BALSKI, 1963;NAKATA et al, 1962;TERAWAKiand GREENBERG, 1966a). SuZUKI et al (1965) claimed that mitomycin inhibits early phenotypic expression in half of the potential transformants by interfering with replication of the inactive complementary DNA strand.…”

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confidence: 98%

Antibiotics

1967

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AII rights, especially that of tnmslation into foreign languages, reserved. It is also forbidden to reproduce this book, either whole DedicationFor most areas of scientific pursuit, there is usually that rare investigator who has the imagination to conceive ideas, who has faith in his visions, and who has the ability to critically test his concepts in the laboratory. Almost invariably, this scientist also inspires younger men to enthusiastically enter into his research program. To him should go the accolades and the recognitions of the esteem in which he is held. As only a small part of this esteem, we wish to dedicate these books to Professor SELMAN A. W AKSMAN in appreciation of his leadership and contributions in all facets of antibiotic research. PrefaceThe idea for publishing these books on the mechanism of action and on the biosynthesis of antibiotics was born of frustration in our attempts to keep abreast of the literature. Gone were the years when we were able to keep a bibliography on antibiotics and feel confident that we could find everything that was being published on this subject. These fields of investigation were moving forward so rapidly and were encompassing so wide a range of specialized areas in microbiology and chemistry that it was almost impossible to keep abreast of developments. In our naivete and enthusiasm, however, we were unaware that we were toying with an idea that might enmesh us, that we were creating an entity with a life of its own, that we were letting loose a Golom who instead of being our servant would be our master.That we set up ideals for these books is obvious; they would be current guides to developments and information in the areas of mechanism of action and biosynthesis of antibiotics. For almost every subject, we wished to enlist the aid of an investigator who himself had played a part in determining the nature of the phenomena that were being discussed. One concept for the books was that they include only antibiotics for which a definitive, well-documented mechanism of action or biosynthetic pathway was known. Yet, such an approach would not entirely serve the purpose we projected, for it would not encompass all of the information available in these fields of antibiotic investigations and blind searches for the original literature would still have to be made. We therefore chose to include any and all antibiotics about which some pertinent information had been published. It was obvious even at the start that such a compilation, integration, and analysis of information could never be complete unless scientific investigations ceased at the moment the last manuscript was submitted-an end that was neither desirable nor possible. An addendum was therefore included at the end of the volume and left open for the addition of new information until the last pages of the regular articles had been printed.The original concept has also been further expanded as the authors of several papers found it advisable to elaborate on their subject. Some of the articles included discussions...

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The effect of mitomycin C on the induced synthesis of penicillinase in Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Bactericidal effect of combinations of antimicrobial drugs and antineoplastic antibiotics against gram-negative bacilli

Bactericidal effect of combinations of antimicrobial drugs and antineoplastic antibiotics against gram-negative bacilli

Unchanged Antibiotic Susceptibility in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> after Long-Term in vitro Exposure to Antineoplastic Drugs

Antibiotics

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