The effect of Moringa-treated wastewater on drip-irrigated sandy loam soil

Abstract

Moringa oleifera seeds possess coagulating and antimicrobial properties for wastewater treatment. This paper reports the chemical and biological analyses of wastewater samples from the university hostel (W 1), the main abattoir (W 2) and the Nigerian Bottling Company, NBC (W 3) in Maiduguri, Nigeria; treated with Moringa seed solution concentration (MOSC) at 0 (Control), 10, 20, 30 and 40% levels. The treated wastewater was used for irrigating Amaranthus hybridus under drip irrigation on sandy loam soil on the Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering Departmental Research Farm, University of Maiduguri. Initial coliform counts (CC) were measured as 1405, 1571 and 1314 cells/100 mL; the electrical conductivity (EC) values were 0.78, 1.20 and 1.23 dS/m and the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) was 1.12, 1.54 and 1.18. Similarly, the pH values were measured as 8.56, 5.60 and 6.98, while Boron (B) showed as 0.44, 1.80 and 1.28 for W 1 , W 2 and W 3 respectively. The initial soil conditions (0 i) were shown to contain CC (28 cells/100 mL), EC (0.69 dS/m), B (0.63 mg/L), pH (6.5), N (10.71 mg/L), P (10.42 mg/L) and SAR (0.88). The results obtained indicate that the Moringa seed solution at 40% had an appreciable effect on most of the quality parameters in the irrigated soil when compared with the initial values.

Soil quality in the black oat and soybean succession system irrigated with treated slaughterhouse effluent

“…Oxisols, contrairly, were located in Brazil and all of them were clayey soils, which is commonly aggregated in a strong grade of fine and very fine granular structure (Eswaran and Reich, 2004), leading to a rapid permeability. Regarding soil texture in the reviewed database, 31.03% of papers did not mention it (Adesemoye et al, 2006;Araujo et al, 2019;Bole and Gould, 1985;Shilpi et al, 2018), 27.59 % studied sandy loam soils (Abegunrin et al, 2016c;Arku and Musa, 2014;Sims, 2003b, 2000;Russell, 1982;Russell et al, 1993;N Wells and Whitton, 1970), 13.79% silt loam Churchman and ate, 1986;Magesan et al, 1999), 10.34 % clay Oliveira et al, 2017a;Oliveira et al, 2017b), 10.34% sand da Silva Neto et al, 2013;Osemwota, 2010b), 3.45% clay loam (A. and 3.45% loamy sand (Russell, 1982).…”

“…In relation to soil pH, nine works reported a decrease of soil pH when the slaughterhouse effluent was applied Da Silva Neto et al, 2013;Sims, 2003, 2000;Balaji Seshadri et al, 2014) while three others reported an increase in soil pH (Oliveira et al, 2017b;Arku et al, 2014;Osemwota, 2010). Most works relate such decrease in soil pH with oxidation of organic compounds and with the lower pH of the applied effluent (Guo and Sims, 2000;, as well as the process of nitrification, which releases ions of H + (Da Silva Neto, 2013;.…”