The Effect of Mushroom Extracts on Human Platelet and Blood Coagulation: In vitro Screening of Eight Edible Species

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading global cause of mortality indicating the need to identify all possible factors reducing primary and secondary risk. This study screened the in vitro antiplatelet and anticoagulant activities of hot water extracts of eight edible mushroom species (Agaricus bisporus, Auricularia auricularia-judae, Coprinus comatus, Ganoderma lucidum, Hericium erinaceus, Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus eryngii, and Pleurotus ostreatus) increasingly cultivated for human consumption, and compared them to those evoked by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). The antioxidant capacity and concentration of polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, organic acids, ergosterol, macro elements, and trace elements were also characterized. The most promising antiplatelet effect was exhibited by A. auricularia-judae and P. eryngii extracts as demonstrated by the highest rate of inhibition of adenosine-5′-diphosphate (ADP)-induced and arachidonic acid (AA)-induced aggregation. The response to both extracts exceeded the one evoked by 140 µmol/L of ASA in the ADP test and was comparable to it in the case of the AA test. Such a dual effect was also observed for G. lucidum extract, even though it was proven to be cytotoxic in platelets and leukocytes. The extract of P. ostreatus revealed an additive effect on AA-induced platelet aggregation. None of the mushroom extracts altered the monitored coagulation parameters (prothrombin time, prothrombin ratio, and International Normalized Ratio). The effect of mushroom extracts on platelet function was positively related to their antioxidative properties and concentration of polysaccharides and ergosterol, and inversely related to zinc concentration. The study suggests that selected mushrooms may exert favorable antiplatelet effects, highlighting the need for further experimental and clinical research in this regard.

Amauroderma rugosum Protects PC12 Cells against 6‐OHDA‐Induced Neurotoxicity through Antioxidant and Antiapoptotic Effects

“…At the beginning of the present study, we clearly demonstrated that the aqueous extract of AR had significant antioxidative activity in DPPH and TAC assays. In good agreement with the higher phenolic content of AR, the antioxidant capacity of AR extract was also stronger than that reported for aqueous extract of Ganoderma lucidum [ 26 ]. The antioxidant effect of AR extract was further examined in an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease, with PC12 cells.…”

“…In the present study, the results of chemical assays demonstrated that the aqueous extract of AR contained phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, and triterpenes. The contents of total polysaccharides and triterpenes of AR extract were lower than that of aqueous extract of Ganoderma lucidum [ 26 , 27 ]. Interestingly, the contents of total phenolic compounds of AR extract could reach the level of 5.52 mg GAE/g, which is unexpectedly much higher than that of aqueous extract of Ganoderma lucidum reported in other studies [ 28 ].…”

A comparison of toxic and essential elements in edible wild and cultivated mushroom species

“…This has contributed to the global demand for mushrooms as food. Additionally, various cultivated mushrooms have been suggested as potent functional foods due to the biological properties of their componentsas shown using experimental models and clinical trials [26][27][28][29][30][31]. Considering the conditions under which cultivated mushrooms are obtained, one could assume that their quality-regarding the nutritional value and level of contamination-is superior to specimens collected from the wild.…”

Impacts of Commonly Used Edible Plants on the Modulation of Platelet Function

“…In addition, methanolic, ethyl acetate and aqueous (5 mg/mL) extracts of Pleurotus eous (pink oyster mushroom) showed significant anti-aggregatory effects upon stimulation with ADP (1 mM) in human isolated platelets by 45%, 35% and 36%, respectively [ 155 ]. Poniedziałek et al [ 156 ] studied the effect of the hot aqueous extract of eight edible mushrooms: Agaricus bisporus , Auricularia auricularia-judae , Coprinus comatus , Ganoderma lucidum , Hericium erinaceus , Lentinula edodes , Pleurotus eryngii and Pleurotus ostreatus in human whole blood platelet aggregation induced by 6.5 µM ADP. However, only P. eryngii , A. bisporus , A. auricularia-judae and C. comatus , showed significant inhibition effects, of 65.1%, 58.0%, 54.3%, and 51.6%, respectively.…”