The Effect of Necrotic Enteritis Challenge on Production Performance, Cecal Microbiome, and Cecal Tonsil Transcriptome in Broilers

Akerele, Gabriel; Hakeem, Walid Ghazi Al; Lourenço, Jeferson M.; Selvaraj, Ramesh K.

doi:10.3390/pathogens11080839

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…In chickens with severe NE, Firmicutes was significantly decreased whereas Proteobacteria was increased ( Yang et al, 2021 ). The increase in the relative abundance of pathogenic group indicates that the birds are carriers of pathogenic bacteria, which might lead to future health issues ( Akerele et al, 2022 ). As stated previously, in our study no lesions are observed in our study and the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were not affected either.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of challenge with Clostridium perfringens, Eimeria and both on ileal microbiota of yellow feather broilers

Feng

Zhu

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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In the poultry industry worldwide, Clostridium perfringens has been causing major economic loss as it can cause necrotic enteritis (NE). The coccidial infection has been considered as the most important predisposing factor of NE caused by C. perfringens. In this study, we aimed to advance our knowledge on ileal microbiota of yellow feather broilers under C. perfringens and/or Eimeria challenge. Total of 80 healthy day old yellow feather broilers were randomly assigned to four groups including: Control, C. perfringens challenge group (C. Per), Eimeria challenge group (Cocc), and C. perfringens plus Eimeria challenge group (Comb). On day 14, the Cocc and Comb group broilers were orally gavaged 1 ml PBS solution containing 25,000 oocysts of Eimeria brunetti and 25,000 oocysts of Eimeria maxima. Starting on day 17, the C. Per and Comb group broilers were orally gavaged 10 mL of C. perfringens per bird (4 × 107 CFU/mL, ATCC® 13124™ Strain) every day for 6 days. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on extracted DNA of ileal digesta samples. The results showed that C. perfringens alone did not affect the alpha diversity of ileal microbiome in yellow feather broilers but co-infection with Eimeria significantly decreased the diversity of ileal microbiota. C. perfringens and Eimeria challenge also decreased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria including Bacteroidetes at the phylum level and Faecalibacterium at the genus level. At the species level, the relative abundance of Candidatus Arthromitus was significantly decreased in the Eimeria challenged groups. This microbial shift information of ileal microbiota under C. Perfringens and Eimeria challenge provide important reference data for the development of therapeutic approaches to necrotic enteritis in yellow-feather broiler chickens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lactobacillus was more abundant in the upper GI tract compared with the lower tract. C. Perfringens challenge could decrease the Lactobacillus population in ileum ( Antonissen et al, 2016 ; Akerele et al, 2022 ). But this was not observed in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of challenge with Clostridium perfringens, Eimeria and both on ileal microbiota of yellow feather broilers

Feng

Zhu

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…With the ban of antibiotics as growth promoters in the US and Europe, enteric pathogens are more frequently observed across broiler farms. Pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, and Salmonella are strong colonizers that can modify the chicken [ 20 ]. Changes in the composition of the gut microbiome have been linked to intestinal and cecal dysbiosis and lower performance in infected flocks [ 21 ].…”

Section: Gut Microbiota and Its Development In Commercial Broilersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Gut Microbiota and Its Changes Following C. jejuni Infection in Broilers

2023

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The gut is home to more than millions of bacterial species. The gut bacteria coexist with the host in a symbiotic relationship that can influence the host’s metabolism, nutrition, and physiology and even module various immune functions. The commensal gut microbiota plays a crucial role in shaping the immune response and provides a continuous stimulus to maintain an activated immune system. The recent advancements in high throughput omics technologies have improved our understanding of the role of commensal bacteria in developing the immune system in chickens. Chicken meat continues to be one of the most consumed sources of protein worldwide, with the demand expected to increase significantly by the year 2050. Yet, chickens are a significant reservoir for human foodborne pathogens such as Campylobacter jejuni. Understanding the interaction between the commensal bacteria and C. jejuni is essential in developing novel technologies to decrease C. jejuni load in broilers. This review aims to provide current knowledge of gut microbiota development and its interaction with the immune system in broilers. Additionally, the effect of C. jejuni infection on the gut microbiota is addressed.

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“…The onset of necrotic enteritis is associated with a shift in the gut microbiota [ 148 ]. The various predisposing factors implicated in triggering necrotic enteritis directly or indirectly alter the gastrointestinal microbiome of poultry.…”

Section: Microbial Shift During Necrotic Enteritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens: A Review on the Pathogen, Pathogenesis, and Prevention

et al. 2022

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Clostridium perfringens type A and C are the primary etiological agents associated with necrotic enteritis (NE) in poultry. The predisposing factors implicated in the incidence of NE changes in the physical properties of the gut, the immunological status of birds, and the disruption of the gut microbial homeostasis, causing an over-proliferation of C. perfringens. The principal virulence factors contributing to the pathogenesis of NE are the α-toxin, β-toxin, and NetB toxin. The immune response to NE in poultry is mediated by the Th1 pathway or cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. C. perfringens type A and C are also pathogenic in humans, and hence are of public health significance. C. perfringens intoxications are the third most common bacterial foodborne disease after Salmonella and Campylobacter. The restrictions on the use of antibiotics led to an increased incidence of NE in poultry. Hence, it is essential to develop alternative strategies to keep the prevalence of NE under check. The control strategies rely principally on the positive modulation of host immune response, nutritional manipulation, and pathogen reduction. Current knowledge on the etiology, pathogenesis, predisposing factors, immune response, effect on the gut microbial homeostasis, and preventative strategies of NE in this post-antibiotic era is addressed in this review.

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The Effect of Necrotic Enteritis Challenge on Production Performance, Cecal Microbiome, and Cecal Tonsil Transcriptome in Broilers

Cited by 26 publications

References 73 publications

Effects of challenge with Clostridium perfringens, Eimeria and both on ileal microbiota of yellow feather broilers

Effects of challenge with Clostridium perfringens, Eimeria and both on ileal microbiota of yellow feather broilers

The Development of Gut Microbiota and Its Changes Following C. jejuni Infection in Broilers

Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens: A Review on the Pathogen, Pathogenesis, and Prevention

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