The Effect of Nickel Content Impregnated on Zeolite Toward Catalytic Activity and Selectivity for Hydrotreating of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Oil

Permata, M. L.; Trisunaryanti, Wega; Falah, Iip Izul; Hapsari, Maya Tri; Fatmawati, Dyah Ayu

doi:10.31788/rjc.2020.1315529

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…According to Table , there was an increase in the nickel content up to 10.59%, which indicated that nickel had been successfully impregnated on the zeolite. A similar circumstance was also reported by Permata et al which showed that the nickel constituent was presented after introducing the nickel to the zeolite, as confirmed by EDX analysis. Moreover, the coexistence of 4.05% of nickel, 20.68% of phosphate, and 68.07% of oxygen presumably corresponded to the presence of nickel phosphate …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Enhanced Isopropyl Alcohol Conversion over Acidic Nickel Phosphate-Supported Zeolite Catalysts

et al. 2022

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In this preliminary research, the catalytic activity of isopropyl alcohol conversion to diisopropyl ether through dehydration reaction catalyzed by zeolite-Ni and zeolite-Ni(H2PO4)2 was comparatively described. The natural zeolite was treated with 1% HF and 6 N HCl prior to modifications using the impregnation method. Isopropyl alcohol conversion was examined at a mild temperature of 150 °C for 3.5 h on the reflux system with various catalyst loadings. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the successful impregnation of nickel and nickel phosphate into the zeolite. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed a cubic-like structure on zeolite-Ni(H2PO4)2, whereas homogenously distributed nickel species were observed on the zeolite-Ni catalyst. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis reinforced the accomplishment of zeolite modifications. The N2 physisorption isotherms showed a decline in the surface area and total pore volume of the zeolite because of the blocking of pores. The zeolite-Ni(H2PO4)2 catalyst had higher acidity than unmodified zeolite and zeolite-Ni catalysts, which inherently suggested that the presence of phosphate groups results in higher catalytic activity toward isopropyl alcohol. The highest catalytic activity was attained by 8 mEq/g metal loading zeolite-Ni(H2PO4)2 with isopropyl alcohol conversion of 81.51%, diisopropyl ether yield, and selectivity of 40.77 and 33.16%. The reusability study suggested that the zeolite-Ni(H2PO4)2 catalyst was still active and had sufficient catalytic activity stability toward isopropyl alcohol after the third cycle was reused. This nickel phosphate-based modified zeolite was adequately potential for diisopropyl ether production through isopropyl alcohol dehydration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Enhanced Isopropyl Alcohol Conversion over Acidic Nickel Phosphate-Supported Zeolite Catalysts

et al. 2022

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“…The results of measurements of surface area, pore diameter, and total catalyst volume are summarized in Table 3. Surface area, pore volume and pore diameter changed after impregnation with metal [18][19][20]. These data illustrate that the catalyst with one impregnated metal has a narrower pore diameter but a deeper volume, on the other hand the catalyst with two impregnated metals undergoes changes with a larger pore diameter but a shallower volume.…”

Section: Adsorption-desorption Isotherm Of N2 Gasmentioning

confidence: 78%

Characterization of sarulla natural zeolite activated with various acid concentration and loaded with Ni and Ni-Mo metals as bifunctional catalysts

Sihombing

Ginting

Amdayani

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Metal loading on zeolite to produce bifunctional catalysts is reported to increased the characteristics of zeolites which synergistically increase their catalytic activity. Sarulla natural zeolite (SNZ) from North Sumatera has the potential as a catalyst because of its excellent chemical properties including acidity, thermal stability, and large pores. On the other hand, natural zeolite contains a lot of impurities and lower acidity density so that it needs to be processed before use. In this research, modification of the acidity density of zeolite and metal loading were expected to improve the characteristics of SNZ as a catalyst. To achieved this goal, the research methods carried out include preparation, activation process with mineral acid with various concentrations of 3M, 5M, and 7M, then calcination with N2 gas flow. Ni and NiMo loading by wet impregnation method followed by oxidation and reduction with O2 and H2 gas flow, respectively. Some important properties of the catalyst were characterized by XRD, SEM, and determination of surface area by BET method. Ni/SNZ-7 catalyst showed the largest spesific surface area (92 m2/g), the least impurities (3%), and the most homogeneous surface morphology compared to other catalysts. The deposition of two metals in the zeolite generally causes an increase in the pore diameter and crystallinity degree, while decreasing in the pore volume of catalyst.

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“…Generally, the alkaline treatment requirement was successful when the Si/Al ratio had above 25 [25]. Dealumination was more dominant than desilication for mordenite with a Si/Al ratio of 20 [26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Mordenite Characters by H2C2O4 and/or NaOH Treatments and Its Catalytic Activity Test in Hydrotreating of Pyrolyzed α-Cellulose

Triyono

Trisunaryanti

Putri

et al. 2021

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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The research about modification of mordenite characteristics has been performed by H2C2O4 and/or NaOH treatments and catalytic activity tests in hydrotreating of pyrolyzed a-cellulose. Commercial mordenite (HSZ-604OA) as mordenite control (HM) immersed in 0.05, 0.5, and 1.0 M H2C2O4 at 70 °C for three hours resulting in HM-0.05, HM-0.5, and HM-1. The four mordenites were immersed in 0.1 M NaOH for 15 minutes resulting in BHM, BHM-0.05, BHM-0.5, and BHM-1. The catalysts obtained were analyzed by XRD, SAA, ICP, and acidity test. The catalytic activity of the mordenites was evaluated in hydrotreating of pyrolyzed a-cellulose using stainless steel reactor with an H2 gas flow rate of 20 mL.min−1 at 450 °C for two hours with a catalyst: feed weight ratio of 1:60. The liquid products obtained from the hydrotreating were analyzed using GC-MS. The research results showed that the H2C2O4 and/or NaOH treatment towards the mordenites increased Si/Al ratio and decreased crystallinity. The acidity of mordenites decreased along with the increase of the Si/Al ratio. The average pore diameter of BHM, BHM-0.05, BHM-0.5, and BHM-1 mordenites were 2.898; 3.005; 3.792; 7.429 nm, respectively. The BHM-0.5 mordenite showed the highest catalytic activity in generating liquid product (88.88 wt%) and selectivity toward propanol (4.87 wt%). The BHM-1 mordenite showed catalytic activity in generating liquid product (41.16 wt%) and selectivity toward ethanol (1.21 wt%) and 2-heptyne (4.36 wt%). Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

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The Effect of Nickel Content Impregnated on Zeolite Toward Catalytic Activity and Selectivity for Hydrotreating of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Oil

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Enhanced Isopropyl Alcohol Conversion over Acidic Nickel Phosphate-Supported Zeolite Catalysts

Enhanced Isopropyl Alcohol Conversion over Acidic Nickel Phosphate-Supported Zeolite Catalysts

Characterization of sarulla natural zeolite activated with various acid concentration and loaded with Ni and Ni-Mo metals as bifunctional catalysts

Modification of Mordenite Characters by H2C2O4 and/or NaOH Treatments and Its Catalytic Activity Test in Hydrotreating of Pyrolyzed α-Cellulose

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