The effect of nitrogen form and air temperature during foliar fertilization on gas exchange, the yield and nutritive value of spinach (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i> L.)

Borowski, Edward; Michałek, Sławomir

doi:10.2478/fhort-2013-0110

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Chlorophyll concentration is influenced by environmental factors and N fertilization (Barickman and Kopsell, 2016) and the form and ratio of N in plants (Borowski and Michalek, 2008). Previous research demonstrated that higher ratios of NO 3 − -N to NH 4 + -N positively influenced chlorophyll concentrations in the leaf tissue of kale (Brassica oleracea L. var.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in cadmium and nitrate co-accumulation among water spinach genotypes and implications for screening safe genotypes for human consumption

Tang

Luo

et al. 2018

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Abstract:Vegetables are important constituents of the human diet. Heavy metals and nitrate are among the major contaminants of vegetables. Consumption of vegetables and fruits with accumulated heavy metals and nitrate has the potential to damage different body organs leading to unwanted effects. Breeding vegetables with low heavy metal and nitrate contaminants is a cost-effective approach. We investigated 38 water spinach genotypes for low Cd and nitrate co-accumulation. Four genotypes, i.e. JXDY, GZQL, XGDB, and B888, were found to have low co-accumulation of Cd (<0.71 mg/kg dry weight) and nitrate (<3100 mg/kg fresh weight) in the edible parts when grown in soils with moderate contamination of both Cd (1.10 mg/kg) and nitrate (235.2 mg/kg). These genotypes should be appropriate with minimized risk to humans who consume them. The Cd levels in the edible parts of water spinach were positively correlated with the concentration of Pb or Zn, but Cd, Pb, or Zn was negatively correlated with P concentration. These results indicate that these three heavy metals may be absorbed into the plant in similar proportions or in combination, minimizing the influx to aerial parts. Increasing P fertilizer application rates appears to prevent heavy metal and nitrate translocation to shoot tissues and the edible parts of water spinach on co-contaminated soils.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in cadmium and nitrate co-accumulation among water spinach genotypes and implications for screening safe genotypes for human consumption

Tang

Luo

et al. 2018

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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“…In times of restricted nutrient uptake from soil, foliar fertilization results in a higher N uptake efficiency compared to soil‐applied fertilizers (Krishnasree et al., 2021; Singh et al., 2013). Even small quantities of aerially applied urea or ammonium (NH 4 + ) may promote growth and green coloration of spinach leaves as indicated by the results of a greenhouse fertilization trial (Borowski & Michalek, 2008). On the other hand, foliar sprays can lead to necrosis on leafy vegetables (Krishnasree et al., 2021; Singh et al., 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen fertilization strategies to reduce the risk of nitrate leaching in open field cultivation of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)^#

Frerichs

Key

Broll

et al. 2022

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Background Spinach is a nitrogen (N) demanding crop with a weekly N uptake of up to 60 kg ha–1. Consequently, a high N supply is required, which can temporarily lead to high quantities of nitrate (NO3–) being at risk of leaching. Aims The objective of this study was to develop a N fertilization approach to reduce the risk of NO3– leaching in field‐grown spinach production without adversely affecting crop yield and quality at an early and late harvest stage. Methods Ten fertilization trials were conducted to compare different base fertilization rates and splits of top dressings. For top dressings, granulated fertilizers or foliar sprays were used. In a further treatment, N supply was reduced by withholding the second top dressing of 50–70 kg ha−1. Results Nitrate concentration at risk of leaching was considerably reduced by decreasing the base fertilizer rate as well as by splitting the top dressing. However, at an early harvest stage, total aboveground dry mass was reduced by, on average, 6% by these measures across all seasons. In contrast, at a later harvest stage, spinach was less affected by the fertilizer schedule. Urea foliar sprays proved to be insufficient in promoting plant growth and caused leaf necrosis. A reduced N supply led to impaired plant growth and yellowish leaves in both spring and winter. Conclusions Base N fertilization of spinach is only required in spring, but not in other seasons. Despite slight yield reduction, the top dressing should be split to reduce the risk of NO3− leaching after an early harvest.

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“…Up to a certain point, N fertilizer has a positive effect on plant productivity (Borowski and Michałek, 2008). Increased N use is almost always associated with high nitrate accumulation, especially in leafy vegetables (Premuzic et al, 2004;Santamaria, 2006;Prasad and Chetty, 2008;Fallovo et al, 2009;Saleh et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do NH₄:NO₃ ratio and harvest time affect celery (Apium graveolens) productivity and product quality?

Saleh

Liu

et al. 2019

Folia Horticulturae

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Due to the remarkable health benefits of celery (Apium graveolens), its consumption has increased over time. A partial substitution of NO3− with NH4+ is recommended to limit the accumulation of NO3− in leafy vegetables. Hence, a factorial experiment with two factors, consisting of six treatments as combinations of three NH4:NO3 ratios (0:100, 20:80 and 40:60) in nutrient solutions and two harvesting times (in the morning and in the evening), was conducted on celery plants in a soilless culture system. The results showed that 100% NO3 as a sole N source significantly increased plant height, leaf number, chlorophyll, fresh weight, N, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, protein, dietary fibre, soluble sugars, nitrate, vitamin C, α-carotene, β-carotene and lutein of celery plants compared to either 80 or 60% NO3. However, this increase was not significant compared to 20% NH4:80% NO3 in terms of leaf number, fresh yield, N, Mg, Mn, protein, soluble sugars, vitamin C and α-carotene. Harvesting in the evening significantly increased K, Mg, Fe, soluble sugars, α-carotene and β-carotene, and lowered the nitrate level in celery plants. In conclusion, partial replacement of 20% NO3-N with 20% NH4-N and evening harvesting are recommended for a greater fresh yield, higher quality, and lower nitrate level.

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The effect of nitrogen form and air temperature during foliar fertilization on gas exchange, the yield and nutritive value of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Variations in cadmium and nitrate co-accumulation among water spinach genotypes and implications for screening safe genotypes for human consumption

Variations in cadmium and nitrate co-accumulation among water spinach genotypes and implications for screening safe genotypes for human consumption

Nitrogen fertilization strategies to reduce the risk of nitrate leaching in open field cultivation of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)^#

Do NH₄:NO₃ ratio and harvest time affect celery (Apium graveolens) productivity and product quality?

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The effect of nitrogen form and air temperature during foliar fertilization on gas exchange, the yield and nutritive value of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Variations in cadmium and nitrate co-accumulation among water spinach genotypes and implications for screening safe genotypes for human consumption

Variations in cadmium and nitrate co-accumulation among water spinach genotypes and implications for screening safe genotypes for human consumption

Nitrogen fertilization strategies to reduce the risk of nitrate leaching in open field cultivation of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)#

Do NH4:NO3 ratio and harvest time affect celery (Apium graveolens) productivity and product quality?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Nitrogen fertilization strategies to reduce the risk of nitrate leaching in open field cultivation of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)^#

Do NH₄:NO₃ ratio and harvest time affect celery (Apium graveolens) productivity and product quality?