The Effect of Normally Consumed Amounts of Sucrose or High Fructose Corn Syrup on Lipid Profiles, Body Composition and Related Parameters in Overweight/Obese Subjects

Lowndes, Joshua; Sinnett, Stephanie; Pardo, Sabrina; Nguyen, Von; Melanson, Kathleen J.; Yu, Zhiping; Lowther, B.; Rippe, James M.

doi:10.3390/nu6031128

Cited by 45 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 67 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These findings suggest that calories are more important than fructose with regard to weight gain and obesity. Findings from interventional studies related to SSBs and weight gain have also been variable with several correlating SSB consumption with changes in body weight (49,68), whereas several others did not (82,83). Three studies recently published in the New England Journal of Medicine suggested that there may be a link between sugar consumption and obesity in certain populations including obese children and individuals who are genetically predisposed to obesity (84)(85)(86).…”

Section: Effects Of Dietary Sugars On Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Fructose-Containing Sugars and Cardiovascular Disease

Rippe¹,

Angelopoulos

2015

Advances in Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the single largest cause of mortality in the United States and worldwide. Numerous risk factors have been identified for CVD, including a number of nutritional factors. Recently, attention has been focused on fructose-containing sugars and their putative link to risk factors for CVD. In this review, we focus on recent studies related to sugar consumption and cardiovascular risk factors including lipids, blood pressure, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. We then examine the scientific basis for competing recommendations for sugar intake. We conclude that although it appears prudent to avoid excessive consumption of fructose-containing sugars, levels within the normal range of human consumption are not uniquely related to CVD risk factors with the exception of triglycerides, which may rise when simple sugars exceed 20% of energy per day, particularly in hypercaloric settings.

show abstract

Section: Effects Of Dietary Sugars On Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Fructose-Containing Sugars and Cardiovascular Disease

Rippe¹,

Angelopoulos

2015

Advances in Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some epidemiologic studies have suggested that increased consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages may be associated with increased risk of obesity [3,4,27,28,29]. However, we have reported in previous studies that average consumption of added sugars does not increase body mass [30]. We have also reported that average consumption of either HFCS or SUC does not prevent weight loss when consumed as part of a well-designed, hypocaloric diet [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Effects of Fructose-Containing Sugars on Weight, Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors When Consumed at up to the 90th Percentile Population Consumption Level for Fructose

Lowndes

Sinnett

et al. 2014

Nutrients

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The American Heart Association (AHA) and World Health Organization (WHO) have recommended restricting calories from added sugars at lower levels than the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations, which are incorporated in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 (DGAs 2010). Sucrose (SUC) and high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) have been singled out for particular concern, because of their fructose content, which has been specifically implicated for its atherogenic potential and possible role in elevating blood pressure through uric acid-mediated endothelial dysfunction. This study explored the effects when these sugars are consumed at typical population levels up to the 90th percentile population consumption level for fructose. Three hundred fifty five overweight or obese individuals aged 20–60 years old were placed on a eucaloric diet for 10 weeks, which incorporated SUC- or HFCS-sweetened, low-fat milk at 8%, 18% or 30% of calories. There was a slight change in body weight in the entire cohort (169.1 ± 30.6 vs. 171.6 ± 31.8 lbs, p < 0.01), a decrease in HDL (52.9 ± 12.2 vs. 52.0 ± 13.9 mg/dL, p < 0.05) and an increase in triglycerides (104.1 ± 51.8 vs. 114.1 ± 64.7 mg/dL, p < 0.001). However, total cholesterol (183.5 ± 42.8 vs. 184.4 mg/dL, p > 0.05), LDL (110.3 ± 32.0 vs. 110.5 ± 38.9 mg/dL, p > 0.05), SBP (109.4 ± 10.9 vs. 108.3 ± 10.9 mmHg, p > 0.05) and DBP (72.1 ± 8.0 vs. 71.3 ± 8.0 mmHg, p > 0.05) were all unchanged. In no instance did the amount or type of sugar consumed affect the response to the intervention (interaction p > 0.05). These data suggest that: (1) when consumed as part of a normal diet, common fructose-containing sugars do not raise blood pressure, even when consumed at the 90th percentile population consumption level for fructose (five times the upper level recommended by the AHA and three times the upper level recommended by WHO); (2) changes in the lipid profile are mixed, but modest.

show abstract

“…It is the largest RCT (n=352 (92)) yet conducted on the effects of sugar consumption. It has generated several more publications with null findings (93, 94), and will have a marked influence on the conclusions of future meta-analyses. The Principal Investigator of the study, Dr. James Rippe, receives a $41,000/month retainer from the Corn Refiners Association (91).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugar consumption, metabolic disease and obesity: The state of the controversy

Stanhope

2015

Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences

580

390

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The impact of sugar consumption on health continues to be a controversial topic. The objective of this review is to discuss the evidence and lack of evidence that allows the controversy to continue, and why resolution of the controversy is important. There are plausible mechanisms and research evidence that support the suggestion that consumption of excess sugar promotes the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) both directly and indirectly. The direct pathway involves the unregulated hepatic uptake and metabolism of fructose, which leads to liver lipid accumulation, dyslipidemia, decreased insulin sensitivity and increased uric acid levels. The epidemiological data suggest that these direct effects of fructose are pertinent to the consumption of the fructose-containing sugars, sucrose and HFCS, which are the predominant added sugars. Consumption of added sugar is associated with development and/or prevalence of fatty liver, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hyperuricemia, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, and many of these associations are independent of body weight gain or total energy intake. There are diet intervention studies in which human subjects exhibited increased circulating lipids and decreased insulin sensitivity when consuming high sugar compared with control diets. Most recently, our group has reported that supplementing the ad libitum diets of young adults with beverages containing 0, 10, 17.5 or 25% of daily energy requirement (Ereq) as high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) increased lipid/lipoprotein risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and uric acid in a dose response manner. However, un-confounded studies conducted in healthy humans under a controlled, energy-balanced diet protocol that allow determination of the effects of sugar with diets that do not allow for body weight gain are lacking. Furthermore, there are recent reports that conclude that there are no adverse effects of consuming beverages containing up to 30% Ereq sucrose or HFCS, and the conclusions from several meta-analyses suggest that fructose has no specific adverse effects relative to any other carbohydrate. Consumption of excess sugar may also promote the development the development of CVD and T2DM indirectly by causing increased body weight and fat gain, but this is also a topic of controversy. Mechanistically, it is plausible that fructose consumption causes increased energy intake and reduced energy expenditure due to its failure to stimulate leptin production. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrates that the brain responds differently to fructose or fructose-containing sugars compared with glucose or aspartame. There are epidemiological studies which show sugar consumption is associated with body weight gain, and there are intervention studies in which consumption of ad libitum high sugar diets promoted increased body weight gain compared with consumption of ad libitum low sugar diets. However, there are no studies in which energy intake and weight gai...

show abstract

The Effect of Normally Consumed Amounts of Sucrose or High Fructose Corn Syrup on Lipid Profiles, Body Composition and Related Parameters in Overweight/Obese Subjects

Cited by 45 publications

References 67 publications

Fructose-Containing Sugars and Cardiovascular Disease

Fructose-Containing Sugars and Cardiovascular Disease

The Effects of Fructose-Containing Sugars on Weight, Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors When Consumed at up to the 90th Percentile Population Consumption Level for Fructose

Sugar consumption, metabolic disease and obesity: The state of the controversy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About