The effect of organic matter and oxygen on the degradation of bacterial membrane lipids in marine sediments

Harvey, H. Rodger; Fallon, Robert D.; Patton, John S.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(86)90355-8

Cited by 281 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The second, more resistant pool of HPH-crenarchaeol likely stems from the water column where IPL-GDGTs are found in >0.7 lm size SPM ( Schouten et al, 2012), where they are probably being protected from degradation by adsorption to particles and into mesopores (Mayer, 1994;Hedges and Keil, 1995;Mayer et al, 2004). The rapid decrease of the HPH-crenarchaeol below the surface sediment production peak at stations P1300 and P3000 and the relatively low amounts of HPH crenarchaeol at station P900, are in accordance with the rapid degradation kinetics for phosphoester-lipids found by Harvey et al (1986). Furthermore, the resemblance of the HPH-crenarchaeol concentration profile to the TOC profile below 7 cm depth at station P3000 suggests that increased preservation, indicated by the higher TOC values, results in high amounts of HPH-crenarchaeol, again indicating its probable origin from the water column.…”

Section: Sedimentary Production and Preservation Of Gdgtssupporting

confidence: 58%

“…phosphohexose and hexose, phosphohexose-GDGTs Pitcher et al, 2010 which, up to now, have not been reported in sediments. Harvey et al (1986) reported that, in a shortterm incubation study, glycosidic ether-lipids were more stable than diacylglycerolphosphoester-lipids and thus degradation rates of glycolipids may be much slower than the degradation rates of phosphate-containing lipids (Harvey et al, 1986). Hence, glycolipid-GDGTs could also be at least partially of fossil pelagic origin .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intact polar and core glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether lipids in the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone. Part II: Selective preservation and degradation in sediments and consequences for the TEX86

Lengger

Hopmans

Reichart

et al. 2012

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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The TEX 86 is a proxy based on a ratio of pelagic archaeal glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether lipids (GDGTs), and used for estimating past sea water temperatures. Concerns exist that in situ production of GDGTs lipids by sedimentary Archaea may affect its validity. In this study, we investigated the influence of benthic GDGT production on the TEX 86 by analyzing the concentrations and distributions of GDGTs present as intact polar lipids (IPLs) and as core lipids (CLs) in three sediment cores deposited under contrasting redox conditions across a depth range from 900 to 3000 m below sea level in and below the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). Direct analysis of IPLs with crenarchaeol as CL via HPLC/ESI-MS 2 revealed that surface sediments in the OMZ were relatively depleted in the phospholipid hexose, phosphohexose (HPH)-crenarchaeol compared to suspended particulate matter from the water column, suggesting preferential and rapid degradation of this IPL. In sediment cores recovered from deeper, more oxic environments, concentrations of HPH-crenarchaeol peaked at the surface, probably due to in situ production by ammonia-oxidizing Archaea, followed by a rapid decrease with increasing depth. No surface maximum was observed in the sediment core from within the OMZ. In contrast, the glycolipids, monohexose-crenarchaeol and dihexose-crenarchaeol, did not change in concentration with depth in the sediment, indicating that they were relatively well preserved and likely mostly derived from fossil pelagic GDGTs. These results suggest that phospholipids are more sensitive to degradation, while glycolipids might be preserved over longer time scales, in line with previous incubation and modeling studies. Furthermore, in situ produced IPL-GDGTs did not accumulate as IPLs, and did not influence the CL-TEX 86 . This suggests that in-situ produced GDGT lipids were more susceptible to degradation than fossil CL and IPL and did not accumulate as CL. In agreement, no significant changes of TEX 86 with sediment depth in the core lipids were observed. However, consistent differences between IPL-derived TEX 86 and CL-TEX 86 were found. These could be explained by a different composition of CL-GDGT of the glyco-and phospholipids, in combination with dissimilar degradation rates of phospholipids vs. glycolipids. We also observed consistent differences in both IPL-derived and CL-TEX 86 between the different cores, equivalent to 3°C when converted to temperature, despite the proximity of the core locations. These differences may potentially be due to a larger addition of GDGTs produced in deeper, colder waters to the (sub)surface-derived GDGTs for the deeper core sites.

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Section: Sedimentary Production and Preservation Of Gdgtssupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intact polar and core glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether lipids in the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone. Part II: Selective preservation and degradation in sediments and consequences for the TEX86

Lengger

Hopmans

Reichart

et al. 2012

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…Similarities between AOA genes and IPL profiles (Figure 3) indicate that our AOA-specific crenarchaeol-based IPL SRM is a suitable tool for tracking active AOA occurrence in the marine water column. Previous studies have observed that the degradation rate of IPLs is different according to the environmental conditions and the polar head group, for example, glycosidic ether lipids degrading much slower than phosphoester lipids (Harvey et al, 1986;Schouten et al, 2010). Therefore, HPH-crenarchaeol is likely the best marker for living AOA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trace amounts of the hexose þ '180' crenarchaeol IPL found in N. maritimus SCM1 (Schouten et al, 2008) were also sometimes observed. For comparison with archaeal genes, we focused on HPHcrenarchaeol as opposed to the hexose-based IPLs because it is an abundant IPL in all screened AOA thus far (Schouten et al, 2008;Pitcher et al, 2010Pitcher et al, , 2011 and is likely to be the best biomarker for putative AOA due to the labile nature of the phosphate-ester bond compared with the glycosidic ether bond (Harvey et al, 1986;Schouten et al, 2010).…”

Section: Distribution and Abundance Of Lipids And Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Niche segregation of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and anammox bacteria in the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone

et al. 2011

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Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria have emerged as significant factors in the marine nitrogen cycle and are responsible for the oxidation of ammonium to nitrite and dinitrogen gas, respectively. Potential for an interaction between these groups exists; however, their distributions are rarely determined in tandem. Here we have examined the vertical distribution of AOA and anammox bacteria through the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), one of the most intense and vertically exaggerated OMZs in the global ocean, using a unique combination of intact polar lipid (IPL) and gene-based analyses, at both DNA and RNA levels. To screen for AOA-specific IPLs, we developed a high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry method targeting hexose-phosphohexose (HPH) crenarchaeol, a common IPL of cultivated AOA. HPH-crenarchaeol showed highest abundances in the upper OMZ transition zone at oxygen concentrations of ca. 5 lM, coincident with peaks in both thaumarchaeotal 16S rDNA and amoA gene abundances and gene expression. In contrast, concentrations of anammox-specific IPLs peaked within the core of the OMZ at 600 m, where oxygen reached the lowest concentrations, and coincided with peak anammox 16S rDNA and the hydrazine oxidoreductase (hzo) gene abundances and their expression. Taken together, the data reveal a unique depth distribution of abundant AOA and anammox bacteria and the segregation of their respective niches by 4400 m, suggesting no direct coupling of their metabolisms at the time and site of sampling in the Arabian Sea OMZ.

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“…Considerable amounts of IPL GDGTs (10 -10 000 ng g -1 sediment) were found in shallow to deeply buried marine sediments [0.7 to 121 m below sea floor (mbsf)], which suggests the presence of a large number of living archaeal cells (Biddle et al, 2006;Lipp et al, 2008;Lipp and Hinrichs, 2009). However, the degradation rate of certain IPL GDGTs might potentially be lower than that of bacterial phospholipids resulting in preservation of IPL GDGTs over geological time (Harvey et al, 1986;Schouten et al, 2010;Logemann et al, 2011;Lengger et al, 2012b). Indeed, Lengger et al (2012b) found evidence for substantial degradation of the hexose, phosphohexose (HPH) crenarchaeol (for structures see Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential degradation of intact polar and core glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids upon post-depositional oxidation

Lengger

Kraaij

Tjallingii

et al. 2013

Organic Geochemistry

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Archaeal and bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids (GDGTs) are used in various proxies, such as TEX 86 and the BIT index. In living cells, GDGTs contain polar head groups (intact polar lipids -IPLs). IPL GDGTs have also been detected in ancient marine sediments and it is unclear whether or not they are fossil entities or are part of living cells. In order to determine the extent of degradation of IPL GDGTs over geological timescales, we analyzed turbidite deposits, which had been partly reoxidized for several kyr after deposition on the Madeira Abyssal Plain. Analysis of core lipid (CL) and IPL-derived GDGTs showed a reduction in concentration by two orders of magnitude upon post-depositional oxidation, while IPL GDGTs with a mono-or dihexose head group decreased by 2-3 orders of magnitude. The BIT index for CL-and IPL-derived GDGTs increased substantially upon oxidation from 0.1 to up to 0.5. Together with changing MBT/ CBT values, this indicates preferential preservation of soil-derived branched GDGTs over marine isoprenoid GDGTs, combined with in situ production of branched GDGTs in the sediment. The TEX 86 value for IPL-derived GDGTs decreased by 0.07 upon oxidation, while that of CL GDGTs showed no significant change. Isolation of IPLs revealed that the TEX 86 value of monohexose GDGTs was 0.55, while the TEX 86 value for dihexose GDGTs was substantially higher, 0.70. Thus, the decrease in TEX 86 for IPL-derived GDGTs was in agreement with the dominance of monohexose GDGTs in the oxidized turbidite, probably caused by a combination of in situ production as well as selective preservation of terrestrial isoprenoid GDGTs. Due to the low amount of IPL GDGTs vs. CL GDGTs, the impact of IPL degradation on CL-based TEX 86 paleotemperature estimates is negligible.

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The effect of organic matter and oxygen on the degradation of bacterial membrane lipids in marine sediments

Cited by 281 publications

References 37 publications

Intact polar and core glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether lipids in the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone. Part II: Selective preservation and degradation in sediments and consequences for the TEX86

Intact polar and core glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether lipids in the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone. Part II: Selective preservation and degradation in sediments and consequences for the TEX86

Niche segregation of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and anammox bacteria in the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone

Differential degradation of intact polar and core glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids upon post-depositional oxidation

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