The effect of organization on learning from an informative message

Research in communication and instruction: Categorization and synthesis

“…Four studies tested the effects of variables salient to public speaking. Two studies of message organization found that students who heard organized informative messages had higher scores than those who heard disorganized messages, 161 and that organized speeches received more positive trait errors. 162 A third study reported that an increase in eye contact significantly increased a speaker's credibility.…”