The effect of ozone therapy on experimental vasospasm in the rat femoral artery.

Abstract

Ozone (O 3 ) is a gas that contains three atoms of oxygen with a cyclic structure (5). It induces antioxidant stress and promotes resistance against oxidative stress (13,15) and has been used as an antioxidant agent in inflammation (26). Oxygen-ozone therapy is known to be a bio-oxidative procedure (2) and application of low-dose ozone inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, release of bradykinin and algogenic substances, and proteinase secretion from macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (8).█ INTRODUCTION C erebral vasospasm is one of the main causes of poor prognosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) (17). While the search for the treatment of post hemorrhagic cerebral vasospasm continues, the underlying mechanisms still rema-ins obscure (1). Oxidation products such as glutathione peroxidase (24) and lipid peroxides (16,20), and inflammation (1,14) following SAH are among the causative substances of cerebral vasospasm and poor outcome (16,29).AIm: Oxidation products following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are among the causative substances of cerebral vasospasm and poor outcome. Ozone (O 3 ) is a gas that contains three atoms of oxygen with a cyclic structure. It has been suggested that application of low-dose ozone has an antioxidant effect and provides resistance to oxidative stress. We investigated the effect of oxygen-ozone therapy on rat femoral artery vasospasm. mATERIAl and mEThODS: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly separated into vasospasm, vasospasm + ozone and control groups. The femoral artery vasospasm model was used. Rats in the vasospasm + ozone group were given 4 mL of ozone (20 µ/mL) daily for 7 days. Femoral arteries were examined by light microscopy for histological changes and morphometric analysis. Kruskal Wallis test and Mann Whitney u tests were used for the statistical analysis. The values of p<0.01 and p<0.05 were recognized as statistically significant. RESUlTS:Ozone treatment reduced the morphometric changes as irregularity of the elastic lamina, disruption of the endothelial cells, vacuolization and hemorrhages that caused by vasospasm. The measurements of the wall thickness (p=0.003; p<0.01) and lumen diameter (p=0.001; p<0.01) showed statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) between the vasospasm and vasospasm+ozone groups.CONClUSION: Ozone therapy may be useful in the treatment of post-hemorrhagic vasospasm.

Ozone therapy: An overview of pharmacodynamics, current research, and clinical utility

“…Renal I/R is a primary cause of acute renal failure after transplantation surgery. The findings of a study by Orakdogen et al 34 indicated that the ozoneOPs allowed for a protective element when facing I/R. Following an increase in endothelial NO synthase and inducible NO synthase expression, it was concluded that ozoneOPs were intimately related to the increasing NO production as well as reducing renal damage by suppressing endothelin 1.…”

“…Following an increase in endothelial NO synthase and inducible NO synthase expression, it was concluded that ozoneOPs were intimately related to the increasing NO production as well as reducing renal damage by suppressing endothelin 1. 34 …”

Clinical Uses and Molecular Aspects of Ozone Therapy: A Review

“…The safe dose of ozone is variable depending on the location of therapy and the goal of the treatment (Smith et al, 2017). Currently, it has been proposed that ranging from 10 up to 80 µg/mL of ozone, is beneficial leading to the positive effects and no toxicity, depending on the tissue, shown in in vitro and in vivo in animal models (El-Sawalhi et al, 2013;Frosini et al, 2012;Orakdogen et al, 2016;Thiele et al, 1997;Sweet et al, 1980;Smith et al, 2017). In humans studies, the safe dose range varies between 15 and 50 µg/mL and it will depend on the type and goal of treatment as well as the local of application.…”

Rehabilitation of patients suffering from ischemic stroke by methods of ozonotherapy, kinesitherapy, physiotherapy and acupuncture

“…При ішемічних процесах знижується кровотік, що призводить до зниження доставки кисню і ішемії/реперфузії. Вони викликають каскад метаболічних порушень, таких як зниження аеробного метаболізму глюкози (зниження рівнів АТФ), запальних змін, які супроводжуються ацидозом тканин і збільшенням кількості вільних радикалів [30,31].…”

“…Озон також зменшує агрегацію тромбоцитів, сприяє утворенню перекису водню (H 2 O 2 ) на ділянці тромбу, зиеньшуючи процеси розвитку тромбозу [32]. Також озонотерапія може бути корисна при лікуванні постгемморагічного вазоспазму [31] у хворих на інсульт. Під впливом озоно-кисневої суміші в крові утворюються озоніди, які переміщуються з потоком крові по всьому організму.…”