The Effect of Parent Distraction Coaching Used The Toy on Pain Intensity of 1-5 Year-Old Children During Iv (Intravenous) Insertion

Abstract

Intravenous insertion is the cause of pain that the children most commonly experience when children are being hospitalised. Repeated and insurmountable in early childhood, it will impact trauma to the child, so that pain management is a main priority for nurses. However, nurses have barrier to implement pain management effectively. Therefore, involvement of the parents in pain management was so important. One of the non-pharmacological pain management involving parents is distraction by the parent (Parent Distraction Coaching). The purpose of this research was to examined the difference intensity of pain children from ages 1-5 years old between intervention group and control group during intravenous insertion. This research uses quasi experimental methode by applying the pre-experimental design which is called the intact group comparison. Through the consecutive sampling, the data has been collected from 17 children in each group, both control and intervention groups. Respondents in the intervention group were the children undergoing the intravenous insertion and they were accompanied by their parents' distraction after the parents got the parental distraction coaching, while respondents in the control group were the children undergoing the intravenous insertion in accordance with the hospital procedures but they were not accompanied by their parents' distraction. The assessment of pain intensity was done by using FLACC instruments (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability). The data were analyzed descriptively and tested by using inferential t test-independent where the value of p < 0.05. From the results of the statistical tests using t test-independent test, the value of p obtained is 0.005 (p value <0.05). This value indicates that there is a significant difference between the intensity of pain experienced by children in the control group and in the intervention group during the intravenous insertion. Based on these results, nurses are expected to be aware of the importance of parents or family involvement in reducing the pain experienced by children during intravenous insertion, so that the implementation of pain management in children becomes more effective.

RETRACTED: Cognitive Behavior Therapy by Nurses in Reducing Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on Children as Victims of Violence: A Scoping Review

“…Interventions that are carried out holistically can support important aspects of reducing PTSD symptoms in children who experience violence [44], so that children feel comfortable and safe during the intervention process. A previous study has shown that interventions carried out with due regard to cultural aspects make children more comfortable during interventions so that they are effective and efficient in reducing symptoms of trauma in children [45].…”

The effects of sound-and-light toy as a distraction method on pain and physiological parameters in infants regarding circumcision procedure

“…Toys are readily available, can easily be used as a source of distraction, and are thought to have a clinically important effect in reducing pain in children in cooperation with parents. Studies have reported that using toys of different types as a means of distraction is effective in reducing/relieving pain in children [14,15,22]. In the current study, the aim was to evaluate the impact of toy-mediated distraction on circumcision pain in infants aged six months to two years.…”

“…These results are in line with our results. Ristia et al [15] conducted a study with 34 children aged 1-5 years and asked the parents of infants in the intervention group to try to distract their children using a teddy bear during intravenous access on the children (n = 17), while the control group received no intervention (n = 17). Pain severity was evaluated using the FLACC scale with a single measurement after the procedure.…”

“…Distraction can be used to strengthen coping mechanisms before and after an intervention, to minimize anxiety associated with an intervention, and to help calm the child after an intervention [14]. Guidelines and experts recommend using toy-mediated distraction during invasive procedures in children younger than three years as this technique is more effective in children in that age group [14][15][16][17]. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has yet investigated these practices in the context of post-operative pain associated with circumcision.…”

impact of domestic violence on cognitive and psychological development of children: A scoping review

“…The two factors above can have a negative effect not only on perpetrators and victims who experience acts of violence in the form of physical or verbal (Christian, 2015;Yosep, Hikmat, & Mardhiyah, 2022). Some research results show that children who are indirect victims of violent events, such as bickering between their parents at home, also have a vulnerability to psychological trauma, so that in the end the child has the possibility to be involved in or imitate doing the same thing in adulthood (Graham et al, 2021;Hikmat et al, 2022;Ristia et al, 2018). In other words, victims of domestic violence, either directly or indirectly, have the same trauma effect depending on their age and gender (Saltmarsh et al, 2020).…”