The effect of plasma treatment on the osseointegration of rough titanium implant: A histo-morphometric study in rabbits

Abstract

Background/purpose The surface properties, such as hydrophilicity and functional OH groups, play an important role in bone fixation in vivo . In our previous study, the plasma treatments of large grit and acid etching (SLA) method produce functional OH groups on the rough surface. There is no report in discussing the integration between basic Ti—OH groups and bone-to-implant contact (BIC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the functional OH groups on the rough surface both in vitro and in vivo . Materials and methods Functional hydroxyl groups were produced on a SLA-treated surface. The surface topography, roughness, wettability, and chemical composition were examined using various techniques. Twenty-four implants were inserted into the proximal tibia of four New Zealand white rabbits. The biological responses were measured in terms of histomorphometric analysis 4 and 8 weeks post-implantation. Results The surface morphology and roughness were similar among all groups. However, the concentration of OH groups and hydrophilicity were found increased in the plasma treatment. The cell morphology in RF-plasma treated groups had more polygonal type and higher expression of actin and vinculin. The bone-to-implant contact (BIC) ratios of RF-200W were significantly higher than other groups ( P < 0.05). The relationship between basic OH groups and BIC showed linear correspondence. Conclusion The Ti—OH groups introduced on the rough surface by plasma treatments can trigger cell adhesion which further initiate new bone apposition. We propose that RF-plasma treatment can help to enhance bone healing at 4 and 8 weeks.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Biocompatible Alloy, Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Sn

“…Additionally, in vivo experiments with O 2 -plasma-treated Ti specimens demonstrated enhanced bone healing [ 59 ]. Hence, the present results showing significantly increased biocompatibility of O 2 -plasma-treated TNZTS and Ti-6Al-4V alloy scaffolds seeded with primary human osteoblasts contributes to the body of evidence that indicates the excellent potential of O 2 -plasma-treated biomedical Ti-based alloys.…”

Achievements in the Topographic Design of Commercial Titanium Dental Implants: Towards Anti-Peri-Implantitis Surfaces

“…The process can be accomplished with atmospheric or reduced pressure and has the advantage of not leaving chemical residue traces on the surface, which happens with wet techniques [40]. Recently, the capacity of SLA surfaces modified with the plasma spraying treatment was demonstrated to potentiate cellular adhesion and the adsorption of proteins due to the generation of a layer of OH groups that increase the superficial hydrophilicity [68,69]. Implants manufactured by the titanium plasma spraying (TPS) technique are included in Table 1; all techniques are produced at atmospheric pressure to reduce industrial production costs.…”

Early Loading of Titanium Dental Implants with Hydroxyl Ion Modified Surface: A 12-Month Prospective Clinical Trial

“…With such a modification, the titanium surface of an implant has a negative electrochemical potential. The negative potential determines the improvement of the osteointegration process at all stages, starting from better stability of blood clot and adhesion of Ca++ ions in the first hours after the loading of a dental implant, through to a better adhesion of proteins (fibronectin, osteocalcin) and the cells that determine the process of osteointegration (mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)) in the later stages of the process [10,11].…”

“…Therefore, the methods for shortening the healing period and loading an implant as early as possible are constantly being sought after. The first reports claiming a high rate of success concerning early loading of an implant date back to the 1990s and refer to the Branemark implant system [9,10].…”

“…During that time, the process of mineralization of the primary osseous tissue takes place, and thus, the bone tissue that surrounds an implant achieves the mechanical values that enable loading. Therefore, it seems reasonable to load an implant even faster, i.e., after 3-4 weeks of healing [9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”