The current archaeological work in China has the problems of high cost, large material consumption, more attention on human detection and long time-consuming. It is urgent to use modern high-precision detection technology for auxiliary work. This exploration will also use the semantic recognition system based on deep learning and neural network for the recognition of oracle bone inscriptions in archaeology. Therefore, combined with the concept of multimedia semantic recognition and analysis, a unified real-time target detection semantic analysis model named You Only Look Once (YOLOv2) is established based on the deep convolutional neural network under deep learning in the field of machine learning, to test the semantic analysis of oracle bone inscriptions. Moreover, Faster Region-Convolutional Neural Network (Faster R-CNN) and traditional YOLO models are selected to conduct the controlled experiments. A YOLOv2 recognition system is established based on Diffusion-Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) under deep learning. First, the concept and performance of DCNN are studied. Next, the basic information of oracle bone inscriptions is analyzed. A recognition system based on DCNN is established. On the premise that the three models can identify different directions of the same oracle bone inscriptions sample, the detection accuracy and detection loss value of YOLOv2 are better than those of the other two models, the detection accuracy is as high as 0.90, and the loss value is less than 0.10. Therefore, it is considered that this YOLOv2 semantic analysis model can be applied in oracle bone inscriptions and other archaeological work, which improves the work efficiency and simplifies the human work items for the domestic archaeological work. This semantic analysis model is of great help to the pattern recognition of cultural relics in archaeological work, and can help professionals analyze the meaning of patterns faster when there are massive similar oracle bone inscriptions.