The authors would like to thank Mikko Koskenranta for his assistance in software development for the sample pre-processing system, Milena Pentti and Miia Helander for their assistance in the organizing of the surgeries, and all the helpful staff in Hatanpää hospital. Niku Oksala (part-time employee, shareholder), Antti Roine (employee, shareholder), Markus Karjalainen (part-time employee, shareholder), Osmo Anttalainen (employee, shareholder), Anna Anttalainen (employee at the time of writing), Pekka Kumpulainen (shareholder), and Anton Kontunen (part-time employee, shareholder), are affiliated with Olfactomics Oy, which is about to commercialize proprietary technology for the detection of diseases by ion mobility spectrometry. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Anton Kontunen declares funding from the