The effect of prior eccentric exercise on heavy-intensity cycling: the role of gender and oral contraceptives

Joyce, Sarah Margaret; Sabapathy, Surendran; Bulmer, Andrew Cameron; Minahan, Clare

doi:10.1007/s00421-014-2832-y

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Although torque loss is regarded as the most functional measure of EIMD (Warren et al 1999), in agreement with previous research (Joyce et al 2014; Minahan et al 2015; Roth et al 2001), the current study reported ΔCK peak to be significantly higher in OCP users (low oestrogen levels) compared to non-users (high oestrogen levels) following EIMD. Although Joyce et al (2014) and Minahan et al (2015) reported CK levels to be significantly higher in OCP users compared to non-users, they only monitored CK up to 48 h post-EIMD despite peak CK characteristically occurring at 96 h post-EIMD (Hyatt and Clarkson 1998).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Although Joyce et al (2014) and Minahan et al (2015) reported CK levels to be significantly higher in OCP users compared to non-users, they only monitored CK up to 48 h post-EIMD despite peak CK characteristically occurring at 96 h post-EIMD (Hyatt and Clarkson 1998). By measuring CK at 96 and 168 h post-EIMD, the current study reduces the chance of missing a true peak in CK and can therefore confirm that ΔCK peak is significantly higher in OCP users compared to non-users post-EIMD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) has been shown to be lower in females compared to males (Joyce et al 2014; Sewright et al 2008). It has been suggested that this attenuated EIMD is due to the direct antioxidant properties of oestrogen (Carter et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, women who take the OCP have significantly lower levels of circulating oestrogen compared to non-users throughout the menstrual cycle (Bryant et al 2008; Fleischman et al 2010). Due to the protective properties of oestrogen and the suppressed oestrogen levels in OCP users, it is suggested that OCP users are more susceptible to EIMD; however, the literature remains inconclusive with evidence supporting (Carter et al 2001; Joyce et al 2014; Minahan et al 2015) or refuting (Sewright et al 2008; Thompson et al 1997) an increased susceptibility to EIMD. For example, in support of an increased susceptibility to EIMD, 48-h post-maximal eccentric leg extensions Joyce et al (2014), reported significantly higher levels of serum CK levels in males and female OCP users compared to female non-users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the protective properties of oestrogen and the suppressed oestrogen levels in OCP users, it is suggested that OCP users are more susceptible to EIMD; however, the literature remains inconclusive with evidence supporting (Carter et al 2001; Joyce et al 2014; Minahan et al 2015) or refuting (Sewright et al 2008; Thompson et al 1997) an increased susceptibility to EIMD. For example, in support of an increased susceptibility to EIMD, 48-h post-maximal eccentric leg extensions Joyce et al (2014), reported significantly higher levels of serum CK levels in males and female OCP users compared to female non-users. Whereas, following maximal eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors, Sewright et al (2008) reported no significant difference in CK between OCP users and non-users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral contraceptive pill use and the susceptibility to markers of exercise-induced muscle damage

et al. 2017

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PurposeFirstly, to establish whether oral contraceptive pill (OCP) users are more susceptible to muscle damage compared to non-users, and secondly, to establish whether differences can be attributed to differences in patella tendon properties.MethodsNine female OCP users and 9 female non-users participated in the investigation. Combining dynamometry, electromyography and ultrasonography, patella tendon properties and vastus lateralis architectural properties were measured pre and during the first of 6 sets of 12 maximal voluntary eccentric knee extensions. Serum oestrogen levels were measured on the 7th day of the pill cycle and the 14th day of menstrual cycle in OCP users and non-users, respectively. Maximal voluntary isometric knee extension torque loss, creatine kinase and muscle soreness were measured 48 h pre-damage, post-damage, and 48, 96 and 168 h post-damage.ResultsOestrogen levels were significantly lower in OCP users compared to non-users (209 ± 115 and 433 ± 147 pg/ml, respectively, p = 0.004). Proposed determinants of muscle damage, patella tendon stiffness and maximal eccentric torque did not differ between OCP users and non-users. The change in creatine kinase from pre to peak was significantly higher in OCP users compared to non-users (962 ± 968 and 386 ± 474 Ul, respectively, p = 0.016). There were no other differences in markers of muscle damage.ConclusionAlthough our findings suggest that, when compared to non-users, the OCP may augment the creatine kinase response following eccentric exercise, it does not increase the susceptibility to any other markers of muscle damage.

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