The Effect of Propanil Co‐application on 2,4‐D Sorption by Soil

Farenhorst, Annemieke; Prokopowich, Brent

doi:10.1081/pfc-120025555

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…At a higher concentration of carbaryl (>50 mg/L), the magnitude of adsorption decreased and desorption behavior was observed. Similar adsorption-desorption behavior of aromatic pesticides on clay minerals was also reported by other authors (Farenhorst & Prokopowich, 2003;Li et al, 2003).…”

Section: Carbaryl Adsorptionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A review on the adsorption of diuron, carbaryl, and alachlor using natural and activated clays

Isak

Xhaxhiu

2023

Remediation Journal

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Pesticides are considered predominant organic pollutants because they are widespread in many ecosystems. Pesticide residues can degrade chemically, physically, and biochemically in nature, but, because of their high stability and, in some cases, water solubility, they continue to persist in the environment. Pesticides have been eliminated from contaminated waters using a variety of methods that fall under the categories of biological, chemical, physical, and physicochemical remediation processes from various types of matrices, including water and soil. Due to their excellent qualities as adsorbents and pesticide transporters, the use of natural soil components such as clays, iron oxides, or humic acid has recently attracted growing interest. Clays have several advantages over other adsorbents, including large specific surface areas due to their small particle size, low cost, and widespread availability. Clay minerals have a great capacity for adsorption due to Coulombic forces and, attributable to their large surface area, van der Waals forces. This review describes historical, current, and emerging techniques and materials to remove the pesticides diuron, carbaryl, and alachlor using clays as adsorbents.

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Section: Carbaryl Adsorptionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A review on the adsorption of diuron, carbaryl, and alachlor using natural and activated clays

Isak

Xhaxhiu

2023

Remediation Journal

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“…Propanil and 2,4-D are immunotoxic herbicides commonly applied together as a mixture (Farenhorst and Prokopowich, 2003;Meister and Sine, 2003). Previous findings have FIG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Polysaccharide Antibody Response after Streptococcus pneumoniae Vaccination Is Differentially Enhanced or Suppressed by 3,4-Dichloropropionanilide and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Salazar¹,

Rosa²,

Barnett³

et al. 2005

Toxicological Sciences

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Propanil (3,4-dichloropropionanilide) and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) are commonly used herbicides that have toxic effects on the immune system. The present study determined the effect of exposure to these chemicals on the immune response to a bacterial vaccine. The antibody responses to the T-independent type 2 antigen, phosphorylcholine (PC) and the T-dependent antigen, pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) were characterized in C57BL/6 mice after heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae (HKSP) immunization and single or mixture herbicide exposure. Propanil exposure significantly increased the number of PC-specific IgM, IgG2b, and IgG3 antibody-secreting B cells (ASC) in the spleen 4-6-fold over control animals in a dose-dependent manner. However, the number of ASC in the bone marrow and serum titers were comparable in control and propanil-treated mice. In contrast, 2,4-D exposure decreased the number of PC-specific IgM and IgG bone marrow ASC 2-3-fold from control animals. The decrease in bone marrow ASC in 2,4-D-treated mice corresponded to a 3-4-fold decrease in PC-specific IgM, IgG2b, and IgG3 serum titers compared to control mice. The number of ASC in the spleens of 2,4-D-treated mice was, however, comparable to control mice. The antibody response to PspA was not affected by any of the treatments. There were no mixture interactions between the two herbicides in any of the responses measured. These results characterize the primary PC-specific antibody response in the bone marrow, spleen, and serum after HKSP vaccination and herbicide exposure. The differential effects of propanil and 2,4-D on the antibody response to a bacterial vaccine demonstrate the potential of chemical exposure to augment or suppress immune responses to vaccines and infectious diseases.

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“…Several interactions can affect the dynamics of herbicides in the soil when applied mixed, including some that are related to competition for sorption sites, which can increase or reduce the leaching potential of these molecules (Farenhorst and Bowman, 1998;Farenhorst and Prokopowich, 2003;Shariff, 2012). In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the leaching potential of the herbicides Planta Daninha 2020;38:e020221524 -https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582020380100068 3/8 diuron and sulfentrazone applied, using commercial mix and tank mix, in soils with different textures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of diuron and sulfentrazone formulations in soils with different textures

et al. 2020

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The Effect of Propanil Co‐application on 2,4‐D Sorption by Soil

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

A review on the adsorption of diuron, carbaryl, and alachlor using natural and activated clays

A review on the adsorption of diuron, carbaryl, and alachlor using natural and activated clays

The Polysaccharide Antibody Response after Streptococcus pneumoniae Vaccination Is Differentially Enhanced or Suppressed by 3,4-Dichloropropionanilide and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Dynamics of diuron and sulfentrazone formulations in soils with different textures

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