The effect of protein infusion on urinary excretion of purine derivatives in ruminants nourished by intragastric nutrition

Fujihara, Tsutomu; Ørskov, E. R.; Reeds, Peter J.; Kyle, D. J.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600080916

Cited by 271 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The surgery To estimate apparent digestibility of diets, total feces and feed refusals were weighed daily and 10% aliquots taken and frozen until analyzed. Urine was separately collected using a retention catheter placed into the urinary bladder and connected to a plastic bag with 30 ml of 10% H 2 S0 4 to maintain the final urine pH below 3.0 (Fujihara et al, 1987). For the microbial protein determination, 30 ml subsamples of urine were collected daily and stored at 2208C for allantoin analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplementation with non-fibrous carbohydrates reduced fiber digestibility and did not improve microbial protein synthesis in sheep fed fresh forage of two nutritive values

Tebot

Cajarville

Repetto

et al. 2012

Animal

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To determine whether non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) supplementation improves fiber digestibility and microbial protein synthesis, 18 Corriedale ewes with a fixed intake level (40 g dry matter (DM)/kg BW 0.75 ) were assigned to three (n 5 6) diets: F 5 100% fresh temperate forage, FG 5 70% forage 1 30% barley grain and FGM 5 70% forage 1 15% barley grain 1 15% molasses-based product (MBP, Kalori 3000). Two experimental periods were carried out, with late (P1) and early (P2) vegetative stage forage. For P2, ewes were fitted with ruminal catheters. Forage was distributed at 0900 h, 1300 h, 1800 h and 2300 h, and supplement added at 0900 h and 1800 h meals. Digestibility of the different components of the diets, retained N and rumen microbial protein synthesis were determined. At the end of P2, ruminal pH and N-NH 3 concentration were determined hourly for 24 h. Supplementation increased digestibility of DM ( P , 0.001) and organic matter (OM; P , 0.001) and reduced NDF digestibility ( P 5 0.043) in both periods, with greater values in P2 ( P 5 0.008) for the three diets. Daily mean ruminal pH differed ( P , 0.05) among treatments: 6.33 (F), 6.15 (FG) and 6.51 (FGM). The high pH in FGM was attributed to Ca(OH) 2 in MBP. Therefore, the decreased fiber digestibility in supplemented diets could not be attributed to pH changes. The mean ruminal concentration of N-NH 3 was 18.0 mg/dl, without differences among treatments or sampling hours. Microbial protein synthesis was greater in P2 (8.0 g/day) than in P1 (6.1 g/day; P 5 0.006), but treatments did not enhance this parameter. The efficiency of protein synthesis tended to be lower in supplemented groups (16.4, 13.9 and 13.4 in P1, and 20.8, 16.7 and 16.2 g N/kg digestible OM ingested in P2, for F, FG and FGM, respectively; P 5 0.07) without differences between supplements. The same tendency was observed for retained N: 2.55, 1.38 and 1.98 in P1, and 2.28, 1.23 and 1.10 g/day in P2, for F, FG and FGM, respectively; P 5 0.05). The efficiency of microbial protein synthesis was greater in P2 (P 5 0.007). In conclusion, addition of feeds containing NFCs to fresh temperate forage reduced the digestibility of cell walls and did not improve microbial protein synthesis or its efficiency. An increase in these parameters was associated to the early phenological stage of the forage.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water-soluble carbohydrates were determined following the procedure described by Yemm and Willis (1954). Allantoin was analyzed in urine by the colorimetric method proposed by Fujihara et al (1987). Determinations of N-NH 3 were made by direct distillation with sodium tetraborate (Preston, 1995).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation with non-fibrous carbohydrates reduced fiber digestibility and did not improve microbial protein synthesis in sheep fed fresh forage of two nutritive values

Tebot

Cajarville

Repetto

et al. 2012

Animal

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“…Fractional excretion of urea (as urea /inulin clearances) and filtered load of urea (as inulin clearance by plasma urea concentration) were determined. Allantoin was analysed in urine by the method of Young and Conway, modified by Fujihara [12]. Microbial protein synthesis was estimated according to the equation y = e (0.830 + 2.089x) proposed by Puchala and Kulasek [21], where y = microbial N entering the duodenum and x = urinary excretion of allantoin N. The efficiency of the microbial protein synthesis in the rumen was expressed as grams of microbial N per kilogram of digestible organic matter apparently digested in the rumen (DOMR).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial protein production determined by urinary allantoin and renal urea sparing in normal and low protein fed Corriedale sheep

et al. 2002

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-The aim of the present study was to compare the amount of microbial N entering the duodenum and the efficiency of N utilisation for microbial protein synthesis in normal (NP, 17.4 g N/d) and low protein (LP, 7.5 g N/d) fed Corriedale sheep. Renal functional tests for urea handling studies, and determination of urinary allantoin as an indirect method to estimate the microbial protein production were used. Although the N intake was 57% lower in LP sheep, the microbial N production was not very different between both diets (NP: 3.99 ± 0.01 vs. LP: 3.79 ± 0.02 g/d, P < 0.05). The efficiency of the microbial protein synthesis in the rumen, expressed as grams of microbial N per kg of digestible organic matter apparently digested in the rumen, was not statistically different for both diets. The urinary elimination of urea was reduced by 84% in LP sheep, essentially due to an important decrease in both renal plasma flow (-63%) and glomerular filtration rate (-71%). These haemodynamic changes would also reduce the filtered load and the urinary elimination of allantoin, thereby leading to an underestimation of the amount of microbial protein entering in the duodenum. Since the renal urea spared by the kidneys remains in the blood, it limits the drop of the available urea for ruminal recycling consecutive to a low nitrogen diet. (NP,17,4 g N/j) ou hypoprotéique (LP, 7,5 g N/j). Des tests de fonctionnement rénal pour étudier les transferts d'urée, et le dosage de l'allantoïne pour estimer la production de protéine microbienne ont été utilisés. Malgré une ingestion d'azote réduite de 57% chez les moutons LP, la production d'azote microbien n'a pas été très différente entre les deux régimes (NP: 3,99 ± 0,01 vs. LP: 3,79 ± 0,02 g/j, P < 0,05). L'efficacité de la synthèse protéique microbienne dans le rumen, exprimée en grammes d'azote microbien par kg de matière organique apparemment digérée dans le rumen, n'a pas été statistiquement différente dans les deux régimes. L'élimination urinaire d'urée a été réduite de 84% chez les moutons LP, grâce essentiellement à une importante diminution du débit plasmatique rénal (-63%) et de la filtration glomérulaire (-71%). Ces modifications hémodynamiques réduisant également la charge filtrée et la quantité d'allantoïne éliminée, peuvent être responsables d'une sous estimation de la quantité de protéine microbienne entrant dans le duodénum. L'urée épargnée au niveau rénal restant dans le sang, limite la baisse de l'urée disponible pour le recyclage dans le rumen, observée lors des régimes pauvres en azote.protéine microbienne / allantoïne / urée / mouton

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“…This experiment has provided the first true comparison of B. taurus and B. indicus cattle in terms of their endogenous excretion of PD and indicates a 2-fold difference between Fujihara et al 1987;Chen et al 1990;Verbic et al 1990), the rumen emptying technique (560 µmol/kg W 0.75 .day; Giesecke et al 1993), the extrapolation of infusion/excretion regression relationships to zero purine input (531 µmol/kg W 0.75 .day; Beckers and Thewis 1994), and the isotopic labelling of exogenous purine bases (236 and 512 µmol/kg W 0.75 .day; Orellana Boero et al 2001;Gonzalez-Ronquillo et al 2003). It is also similar to the value used by Chen and Gomes (1995; 385 µmol/kg W 0.75 .day), which was based on the mean of all measurements made in the laboratory of Verbic et al (1990) with adjustment downwards of 0.22 for the proportion of exogenous purines salvaged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…However, the comparison of cattle subspecies in this regard has been confounded by the technique used to estimate endogenous PD excretion. Most experiments with B. taurus cattle have used the technique of total nourishment of animals by intragastric infusion (Fujihara et al 1987;Chen et al 1990;Verbic et al 1990), whereas those with B. indicus cattle have used a technique involving the prolonged fasting of animals with associated measurement of urinary PD excretion (Osuji et al 1996;Liang et al 1999;Ojeda et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of the excretion rate of endogenous purine derivatives in the urine of Bos indicus and Bos taurus steers

Bowen

Poppi

McLennan³

et al. 2006

Aust. J. Agric. Res.

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Abstract. Estimates of microbial crude protein (MCP) production by ruminants, using a method based on the excretion of purine derivatives in urine, require an estimate of the excretion of endogenous purine derivatives (PD) by the animal. Current methods allocate a single value to all cattle. An experiment was carried out to compare the endogenous PD excretion in Bos taurus and high-content B. indicus (hereafter, B. indicus) cattle. Five Holstein-Friesian (B. taurus) and 5 Brahman (>75% B. indicus) steers (mean liveweight 326 ± 3.0 kg) were used in a fasting study. Steers were fed a low-quality buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris; 59.4 g crude protein/kg dry matter) hay at estimated maintenance requirements for 19 days, after which hay intake was incrementally reduced for 2 days and the steers were fasted for 7 days. The excretion of PD in urine was measured daily for the last 6 days of the fasting period and the mean represented the daily endogenous PD excretion. Excretion of endogenous PD in the urine of B. indicus steers was less than half that of the B. taurus steers (190 µmol/kg W 0.75 .day v. 414 µmol/kg W 0.75 .day; combined s.e. 37.2 µmol/kg W 0.75 .day; P < 0.001). It was concluded that the use of a single value for endogenous PD excretion is inappropriate for use in MCP estimations and that subspecies-specific values would improve precision.Additional keywords: rumen microbial protein, cattle.

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The effect of protein infusion on urinary excretion of purine derivatives in ruminants nourished by intragastric nutrition

Cited by 271 publications

References 15 publications

Supplementation with non-fibrous carbohydrates reduced fiber digestibility and did not improve microbial protein synthesis in sheep fed fresh forage of two nutritive values

Supplementation with non-fibrous carbohydrates reduced fiber digestibility and did not improve microbial protein synthesis in sheep fed fresh forage of two nutritive values

Microbial protein production determined by urinary allantoin and renal urea sparing in normal and low protein fed Corriedale sheep

A comparison of the excretion rate of endogenous purine derivatives in the urine of Bos indicus and Bos taurus steers

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