The Effect of Radiation on the Lymph and on the Lymph Vessels

The impact of radiation on lymphedema: a review of the literature

“…The immediate effect of direct radiation energy on lymphatic vessels is minimal as demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo studies, as structural and functional integrity are maintained (13,14). Damage to the lymphatic vessels occurs in a delayed fashion after radiation as the surrounding tissue develops into dense fibrous tissue that compresses and blocks lymphatic flow (12,13). In addition, lymphatic proliferation is inhibited by RT preventing compensatory lymphatic vessel growth and further promoting lymphedema formation (13).…”

“…Damage to the lymphatic vessels occurs in a delayed fashion after radiation as the surrounding tissue develops into dense fibrous tissue that compresses and blocks lymphatic flow (12,13). In addition, lymphatic proliferation is inhibited by RT preventing compensatory lymphatic vessel growth and further promoting lymphedema formation (13). Unlike lymphatic vessels which are insensitive to radiation, lymph nodes are highly radiosensitive (13).…”

Manual lymphatic drainage for lymphedema limited to the breast

“…Lymphedema of the breast occurs as a result of surgery, radiation therapy of the draining lymphatics, or both. Studies have shown that lymph nodes are sensitive to radiation therapy and can be traumatized by it [18,19], and lymph transport may be impaired by fibrosis of the tissue surrounding the vessels after surgery or radiation [9]. Singly or in combination, these can cause an impediment in the lymphatic drainage and lead to lymphedema of the breast and upper extremity.…”

Experimental therapeutic intralymphatic studies

“…Group D consisted of 6 mongrel dogs of 20 to 23 kg. weight, whose dorsal hind paw lymphatics were injected with emulsions or suspensions of ethiodol and cyclophosphamide (cytoxan).…”