“…Although these two things are difficult to observe, the cost of audit services is closely related to the proxies of cost drivers: client size, client risk and client complexity (Hay et al, 2006). Total audit service fee paid to auditor is a sensible way of measuring auditor's independence to the client (Chung & Kallapur, 2003;DeAngelo, 1981;Reynolds & Francis, 2000) The relationship between earnings management and audit service fees has been the topic of several studies (Abbott et al, 2006;Alali, 2011;Ghanbari et al, 2014;Gul et al, 2003;Larcker & Richardson, 2004). The relationship between earnings management and audit service fees is an interesting topic to be examined because there is still debate about the accounting profession and the appropriateness of providing audit and non-audit services.…”