The effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on monoamine outflow in the nucleus accumbens shell in freely moving rats

Löffler, Susanne; Gasca, Fernando; Richter, Lars; Leipscher, Ulrike; Trillenberg, Peter; Möser, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.06.045

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Our meta-analysis showed elevated serum 5-HT levels following TMS, with null or mixed findings across NIBS and biomarker sampling methods. Indeed, clinical and preclinical studies that assessed the effects of TMS [ 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 68 , 69 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 ] and ECT [ 44 , 57 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 ] on 5-HT concentrations reported mostly heterogenous results, with 61% of comparisons reporting null effects ( Figure 4 a,b), with similar mixed results when examining effects by biomarker source ( Figure 5 a–f). ECT did not have a significant effect on 5-HT levels, suggesting that the therapeutic mechanisms of ECT differ from rTMS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Effects on Biomarkers of Tryptophan Metabolism: A Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis

Giron

Lin

Kan

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Abnormal activation of the kynurenine and serotonin pathways of tryptophan metabolism is linked to a host of neuropsychiatric disorders. Concurrently, noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques demonstrate high therapeutic efficacy across neuropsychiatric disorders, with indications for modulated neuroplasticity underlying such effects. We therefore conducted a scoping review with meta-analysis of eligible studies, conforming with the PRISMA statement, by searching the PubMed and Web of Science databases for clinical and preclinical studies that report the effects of NIBS on biomarkers of tryptophan metabolism. NIBS techniques reviewed were electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Of the 564 search results, 65 studies were included with publications dating back to 1971 until 2022. The Robust Bayesian Meta-Analysis on clinical studies and qualitative analysis identified general null effects by NIBS on biomarkers of tryptophan metabolism, but moderate evidence for TMS effects on elevating serum serotonin levels. We cannot interpret this as evidence for or against the effects of NIBS on these biomarkers, as there exists several confounding methodological differences in this literature. Future controlled studies are needed to elucidate the effects of NIBS on biomarkers of tryptophan metabolism, an under-investigated question with substantial implications to clinical research and practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Effects on Biomarkers of Tryptophan Metabolism: A Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis

Giron

Lin

Kan

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Investigations using intracerebral microdialysis indicate the selective release of monoamines following rTMS, however not necessarily of serotonin [38, 67, 68]. Only few reports show an rTMS-induced serotonin level increase in the rat hippocampus [37, 69] and nucleus accumbens [70], an effect that was also reported in humans [36]. In contrast to the 5-HT 1A receptor, the major excitatory serotonin receptor 5-HT 2A was shown to be downregulated by chronic rTMS in rats [71]; interestingly, in humans, decrease of 5-HT 2A receptors in the hippocampus and the bilateral DLPFC was correlated with treatment response to HF rTMS [72].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of bilateral sequential theta-burst stimulation on 5-HT_1A receptors on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in treatment resistant depression

Murgaš

Unterholzner

Stöhrmann

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Theta-burst stimulation (TBS) represents a brain stimulation technique effective for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) as underlined by meta-analyses. While the methodology undergoes constant refinement, bilateral stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) appears promising to restore left DLPFC hypoactivity and right hyperactivity found in depression. The post-synaptic inhibitory serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor, also occurring in the DLPFC, might be involved in this mechanism of action. To test this hypothesis, we performed PET-imaging using the tracer [carbonyl-11C]WAY-100635 including arterial blood sampling before and after a three-week treatment with TBS in 11 TRD patients compared to sham stimulation (n=8 and n=3, respectively). Treatment groups were randomly assigned, and TBS protocol consisted in excitatory intermittent TBS to the left and inhibitory continuous TBS to the right DLPFC. A linear mixed model including group, hemisphere time and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) score revealed a 3-way interaction effect of group time and HAMD on 5-HT1A receptor specific binding VS. While post-hoc comparisons showed no significant changes of 5-HT1A VS in either group, higher 5-HT1A VS after treatment correlated with greater difference in HAMD (r=-0.62), indicative of potential effects of TBS on the 5-HT1A receptor. Due to the small sample size, all results, however, must be regarded with caution.

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“…In most animal experiments, MEP was not measured [ 10 – 12 ]. In some studies, MEP was measured under anesthesia by inserting electrodes [ 3 , 6 , 7 , 13 – 18 ], which provided an objective basis for judging the RMT and quantifying the corticospinal excitability. However, it is not known whether the corticospinal excitability was affected by anesthesia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anesthesia inhibited corticospinal excitability and attenuated the modulation of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Wang

Jin

et al. 2022

BMC Anesthesiol

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Background Lots of studies have measured motor evoked potential (MEP) induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in anesthetized animals. However, in awake animals, the measurement of TMS-induced MEP is scarce as lack of sufficient restraint. So far, the explicit study of anesthesia effects on corticospinal excitability and repetitive TMS (rTMS) induced modulation is still lacking. This study aimed to: (1) measure TMS-induced MEP in both awake restrained and anesthetized rats, (2) investigate the effect of anesthesia on corticospinal excitability, and (3) on rTMS-induced modulation. Methods MEP of eighteen rats were measured under both wakefulness and anesthesia using flexible binding and surface electrodes. Peak-to-peak MEP amplitudes, resting motor threshold (RMT) and the slope of stimulus response (SR) were extracted to investigate anesthesia effects on corticospinal excitability. Thereafter, 5 or 10 Hz rTMS was applied with 600 pulses, and the increase in MEP amplitude and the decrease in RMT were used to quantify rTMS-induced modulation. Results The RMT in the awake condition was 44.6 ± 1.2% maximum output (MO), the peak-to-peak MEP amplitude was 404.6 ± 48.8 μV at 60% MO. Under anesthesia, higher RMT (55.6 ± 2.9% MO), lower peak-to-peak MEP amplitudes (258.6 ± 32.7 μV) and lower slope of SR indicated that the corticospinal excitability was suppressed. Moreover, under anesthesia, high-frequency rTMS still showed significant modulation of corticospinal excitability, but the modulation of MEP peak-to-peak amplitudes was weaker than that under wakefulness. Conclusions This study measured TMS-induced MEP in both awake and anesthetized rats, and provided explicit evidence for the inhibitory effects of anesthesia on corticospinal excitability and on high-frequency rTMS-induced modulation of MEP.

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The effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on monoamine outflow in the nucleus accumbens shell in freely moving rats

Cited by 15 publications

References 50 publications

Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Effects on Biomarkers of Tryptophan Metabolism: A Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis

Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Effects on Biomarkers of Tryptophan Metabolism: A Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis

Effects of bilateral sequential theta-burst stimulation on 5-HT_1A receptors on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in treatment resistant depression

Anesthesia inhibited corticospinal excitability and attenuated the modulation of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

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The effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on monoamine outflow in the nucleus accumbens shell in freely moving rats

Cited by 15 publications

References 50 publications

Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Effects on Biomarkers of Tryptophan Metabolism: A Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis

Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Effects on Biomarkers of Tryptophan Metabolism: A Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis

Effects of bilateral sequential theta-burst stimulation on 5-HT1A receptors on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in treatment resistant depression

Anesthesia inhibited corticospinal excitability and attenuated the modulation of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

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Effects of bilateral sequential theta-burst stimulation on 5-HT_1A receptors on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in treatment resistant depression