The effect of retirement on biomedical and behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic disease

Pedron, Sara; Maier, Werner; Peters, Annette; Linkohr, Birgit; Meisinger, Christine; Rathmann, Wolfgang; Schwettmann, Lars

doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100893

Cited by 21 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…A recent systematic review indicated the impact of retirement on the rate of CVDs and risk factors varies across countries, in which studies in the European countries showed a detrimental effect of retirement on CVDs [44]. Pedron and colleagues identified male and low-educated retirees as potential high-risk groups for worsening CVD risk factors after retirement [45]. Retirement has been linked to increased leisure time activities but, it may reduce transport and work related activities.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic and behavioral determinants of cardiovascular diseases among older adults in Belgium and France: A longitudinal analysis from the SHARE study

et al. 2020

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Despite advances in the healthcare system, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are still an important public health problem with disparities in the burden within and between countries. Studies among the adult population documented that socioeconomic and environmental factors play a role in the incidence and progression of CVDs. However, evidence is scarce on the socioeconomic determinants and the interplay with behavioral risks among older adults. Therefore, we identified socioeconomic and behavioral determinants of CVDs among older adults. Our sample consisted of 14,322 people aged 50 years and above from Belgium and France who responded to the waves 4, 5, 6 and/or 7 of the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe. The effect of determinants on the occurrence of CVD was examined using a Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) approach for binary longitudinal data. The overall rate of heart attack was 8.3%, which is 7.6% in Belgium and 9.1% in France. Whereas, 2.6% and 2.3% in Belgium and France, respectively, had experienced stroke. In the multivariable GEE model, older age [AOR: 1.057, 95%CI: 1.055–1.060], living in large cities [AOR: 1.14, 95%CI: 1.07–1.18], and retirement [AOR: 1.21, 95%CI: 1.16–1.31] were associated with higher risk of CVD. Furthermore, higher level of education [AOR: 0.82, 95%CI: 0.79–0.90], upper wealth quantile [AOR: 0.82, 95%CI: 0.76–0.86] and having social support [AOR: 0.81, 95%CI: 0.77–0.84] significantly lowers the odds of having CVD. A higher hand grip strength was also significantly associated with lower risk of CVD [AOR: 0.987, 95%CI: 0.984–0.990]. This study demonstrated that older adults who do not have social support, live in big cities, belong to the lowest wealth quantile, and have a low level of education have a higher likelihood of CVD. Therefore, community-based interventions aimed at reducing cardiovascular risks need to give more emphasis to high-risk retired older adults with lower education, no social support and those who live in large cities.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic and behavioral determinants of cardiovascular diseases among older adults in Belgium and France: A longitudinal analysis from the SHARE study

et al. 2020

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“…The Editor should be notified at the time of submission if the data used in a paper are proprietary or if, for some other reason, the requirements above cannot be met. 9 In addition to all the journals published by the American Economic Association (including this journal, the American Economic Journals, and the Journal of Economic Perspectives), several other leading journals, including Econometrica, the Journal of Applied Econometrics, the Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, the Journal of Political Economy,the Review of Economics and Statistics, and the Review of Economic Studies, now explicitly require data and code to be submitted at the time of article publication. The last of what are typically considered the leading general interest journals in the profession, the Quarterly Journal of Economics, finally adopted a data-sharing requirement (that of the American Economic Association journals) in April 2016.…”

Section: Data Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparency, Reproducibility, and the Credibility of Economics Research

Christensen

Miguel

2018

Journal of Economic Literature

300

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Abstract:There is growing interest in enhancing research transparency and reproducibility in economics and other scientific fields. We survey existing work on these topics within economics, and discuss the evidence suggesting that publication bias, inability to replicate, and specification searching remain widespread in the discipline. We next discuss recent progress in this area, including through improved research design, study registration and pre-analysis plans, disclosure standards, and open sharing of data and materials, drawing on experiences in both economics and other social sciences. We discuss areas where consensus is emerging on new practices, as well as approaches that remain controversial, and speculate about the most effective ways to make economics research more credible in the future. 1 We thank the editor Steven Durlauf and four anonymous referees for useful comments.

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“…Other research [ 69 ] showed an increase in PA for both men and women after retirement, even though this increase is mainly experienced by people retiring at the official statutory retirement age and not by early retirees, irrespectively of gender [ 70 ]. Pedron and colleagues [ 71 ] found that women who retire early tend to improve significantly their PA levels, however, differently to what happens to men who retires early, probably not enough to compensate for the decrease in work-related activities (e.g., women may experience an increase in body mass index—BMI).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity during the Retirement Transition of Men and Women: A Qualitative Longitudinal Study

Socci

Santini

Dury

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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The retirement transition is a major life change affecting people’s lifestyles and behaviors, including those in relation to physical activity (PA), which is a key component of active ageing. Previous research analyzing the effect of retirement on PA levels has shown mixed results, and few studies investigated this issue in a gender perspective, thus, highlighting a need of knowledge in this respect. Aims of this study focused on the experience of PA during the retirement transition were to understand typologies of PA and possible changes in these typologies, to identify behavioural types relative to PA practice and levels, and to distinguish the main drivers and barriers for practicing PA associated with the different behavioural types. A further goal of the study was to investigate the abovementioned aims considering differences between women and men. Analyses were carried out within a three-year qualitative longitudinal study (2014-2016), which explored the individual experience of PA during the transition from work to retirement of 24 women and 16 men in Italy, with interviews carried out one year before and one and two years after retirement. Results show that preferred PA for both women and men was walking, along the transition to retirement. Over time, several participants replaced physically demanding activities with lighter ones. Six behavioural types were identified, describing individuals who incremented, started, or maintained the same level of PA, people who decreased PA levels or stopped it, and individuals who had a fluctuant behavior towards PA, or who had never practiced it. In general, poor health represented the main barrier to PA. For men, the main driver to PA was its effects on body shape, while for women, socialization/networking. In order to stimulate a more effective promotion of PA during the retirement transition, policy implications were discussed in light of the results obtained.

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The effect of retirement on biomedical and behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic disease

Cited by 21 publications

References 70 publications

Socioeconomic and behavioral determinants of cardiovascular diseases among older adults in Belgium and France: A longitudinal analysis from the SHARE study

Socioeconomic and behavioral determinants of cardiovascular diseases among older adults in Belgium and France: A longitudinal analysis from the SHARE study

Transparency, Reproducibility, and the Credibility of Economics Research

Physical Activity during the Retirement Transition of Men and Women: A Qualitative Longitudinal Study

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