The effect of rubber micro-particles and silica nano-particles on the tensile fatigue behaviour of a glass-fibre epoxy composite

Manjunatha, C. M.; Taylor, A. C.; Kinloch, A. J.; Sprenger, Stephan

doi:10.1007/s10853-008-3092-1

Cited by 61 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…These observations are of major significance in relation to our earlier findings. Since they demonstrate that the major improvements in the cyclic-fatigue performance for the epoxy polymers, reported in the present communication, may indeed explain the similar level of improvements in the cyclic-fatigue behaviour which were observed when these same epoxy polymers were used as matrices for FRPs, using continuous glass-fibre as the reinforcement [16]. Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Clearly, the present results show that the use of such particle-toughened epoxy polymers as matrix materials in FRPs could result in composites with improved fatigue behaviour. Indeed, we have recently observed that the matrix crack formation is suppressed, and the fatigue life is improved significantly, in GFRP composites using such particlereinforced epoxies as the matrices [16].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The cyclic-fatigue behaviour of an epoxy polymer modified with micron-rubber and nano-silica particles

et al. 2009

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A thermosetting epoxy resin was modified and four different types of bulk epoxy polymer sheets were prepared: (i) neat epoxy, (ii) epoxy with 9 wt.% rubber micro-particles, (iii) epoxy with 10 wt. % silica nano-particles, and (iv) epoxy with both 9 wt.% micron-rubber and 10 wt.% nano-silica particles. The tensile fatigue behaviour at a stress ratio R = 0.1 was investigated for all the materials. Addition of either the micron-rubber or nano-silica particles alone in the epoxy polymer had almost a similar beneficial effect and enhanced the fatigue life by about three to four times. The presence of both micron-rubber and nano-silica particles resulted in a further significant enhancement of the fatigue life, by about six to ten times. Fractographic studies suggested that the energy-dissipating mechanisms such as rubber cavitation and silica particle debonding, both being followed by plastic void growth of the epoxy, contributed to the enhanced fatigue lives which were observed in the modified epoxy polymers. Introduction:

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cyclic-fatigue behaviour of an epoxy polymer modified with micron-rubber and nano-silica particles

et al. 2009

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“…Hybrid materials, containing more than one type of particle, have also been used. Examples include rubber and solid glass microparticles [17], rubber and silica nanoparticles [18] or carbon nanotubes and silica nanoparticles [19]. Some of these tougheners are known to have significant adverse effects on the viscosity of the resin, when used at concentrations sufficient to achieve a reasonably high toughness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microstructure and fracture performance of styrene–butadiene–methylmethacrylate block copolymer-modified epoxy polymers

Chong

Taylor

2013

J Mater Sci

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The microstructure and fracture performance of an anhydride-cured epoxy polymer modified with two poly(styrene)-b-1,4-poly(butadiene)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (SBM) block copolymers were investigated in bulk form, and when used as the matrix material in carbon fibre reinforced composites. The 'E21' SBM block copolymer has a higher butadiene content and molecular weight than the 'E41'. A network of aggregated spherical micelles was observed for the E21 SBM modified epoxy, which became increasingly interconnected as the SBM content was increased. A steady increase in the fracture energy was measured with increasing E21 content, from 96 to 511 J/m 2 for 15 wt% of E21. Well-dispersed 'raspberry'-like SBM particles, with a sphere-on-sphere morphology of a poly(styrene) core covered with poly(butadiene) particles, in an epoxy matrix were obtained for loadings up to 7.5 wt% of E41 SBM. This changed to a partially phase-inverted structure at higher E41 contents, accompanied by a significant jump in the measured fracture energy to 1032 J/m 2 at 15 wt% of E41. The glass transition temperatures remained unchanged with the addition of SBM, indicating a complete phase separation. Electron microscopy and cross polarised transmission optical microscopy revealed localised shear band yielding, debonding and void growth as the main toughening mechanisms. Significant improvements in fracture energy were not observed in the fibre composites, indicating poor toughness transfer from the bulk to the composite. The fibre bridging observed for the unmodified epoxy matrix was reduced due to better fibre-matrix adhesion. The size of the crack tip deformation zone in the composites was restricted by the fibres, hence reducing the measured fracture energy compared to the bulk for the toughest matrix materials.

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“…The fatigue life enhancement and the increment in toughness are dependent upon the type of toughener used, its concentration, the size of the particles and the filler-filler and fillermatrix interactions [1][2][3]. An enhancement in the fatigue life of advanced composite laminates can be a potential route towards designing and manufacturing more durable composites with an extended lifetime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of nanorubber toughening on the tensile deformation and tensile fatigue behaviour of a carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy composite

Özdemir

Zhang

Hadavinia

et al. 2015

Journal of Composite Materials

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This study investigates the effect of nano carboxylic acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (CNBR-NP) on the tensile fatigue behaviour of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites (CFRP) with dicyandiamide-cured epoxy matrix. The stress-controlled tension-tension fatigue behaviour at a stress ratio of R=0.1 was investigated for CFRP with neat and nanorubber-modified epoxy matrices with CNBR-NP loadings of 5, 10, 15, 20 phr. The normalised test data revealed that the high cycle fatigue lifetime of the epoxy resin modified with 15 phr of CNBR-NP was increased twice relative to the neat epoxy resin. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the fracture surfaces showed that the improved plastic deformation and energy dissipation at the fibre-matrix interface contributed towards the enhanced fatigue life of the CFRP.

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The effect of rubber micro-particles and silica nano-particles on the tensile fatigue behaviour of a glass-fibre epoxy composite

Cited by 61 publications

References 11 publications

The cyclic-fatigue behaviour of an epoxy polymer modified with micron-rubber and nano-silica particles

The cyclic-fatigue behaviour of an epoxy polymer modified with micron-rubber and nano-silica particles

The microstructure and fracture performance of styrene–butadiene–methylmethacrylate block copolymer-modified epoxy polymers

Influence of nanorubber toughening on the tensile deformation and tensile fatigue behaviour of a carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy composite

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