The Effect of Saprotrophic Fungi on the Development and Hatching of <I>Fasciola hepatica</I> Eggs

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 6 common soil fungi species: Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl., Aspergillus candidus Link, Penicillium chrysogenum Thom, P. commune Thom, Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link and Ulocladium sp., on the hatching of miracidia, i.e., free living larvae of liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica). To this end, the eggs of F. hepatica were incubated in water in the presence of one of the aforementioned fungi species and in tap water (control) at a temperature of 26°C. At the 15 JD day of incubation we determined the number of nonembryonated, embryonated and hatched eggs. We observed different degrees of antagonistic influences by the tested fungal strains on the development of F. hepatica eggs. Among the examined fungi, the strongest ovistatic effects were exhibited by Trichothecium roseum, Penicillium chrysogenum (R-3) and P. commune. The study showed no morphological damage to the shells of the F. hepatica eggs which may suggest a biochemical basis of antagonistic interactions by the fungi associated with the activity of fungal enzymes, mycotoxins and antibiotics. Low or no activity of peptide hydrolases in Penicillium chrysogenum and P. commune in the API ZYM test suggests their insignificant role in the degradation of shell proteins of F. hepatica eggs.

Influence of silver nanoparticles on metabolism and toxicity of moulds

“…The activity of 7 out of 8 enzymes (alkaline and acid phosphatase, esterase (C4), β-galactosidase, α-and β-glucosidase, naphtol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase) was in agreement with the previous studies for A. niger (Coulibaly & Agathos, 2007;Janda et al, 2009). For P. chrysogenum 8 out of 10 enzymatic activities (alkaline and acid phosphatase, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), naphtol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-β-glucosamidase, leucin arylamidase) were confirmed (Gutarowska et al, 2010;Kołodziejczyk et al, 2014).…”

Effect of Selected Entomopathogenic Fungal Species on Embryonic Development of Ascaris suum (Nematoda)

“…Our results confirm trypsin activity only for I. fumosorosea, which seems to warrant a key role for this peptidase in the process of cuticle penetration. However, this does not exclude the involvement of other enzymes in the overall proteolytic activity of fungi [44].…”

“…Discs (ø 4 mm) were cut from the 3-week-old mycelium of these cultures and placed on PDA medium. Incubation was carried out in the dark at 25 °C for 21 days, after which new discs (ø 4 mm) were cut and transferred to Petri dishes (ø 50 mm) containing an A. suum egg suspension [44,45]. Discs (ø 4 mm) were cut from the 3-week-old mycelium of these cultures and placed on PDA medium.…”