To characterize the signaling pathway by which the neurotransmitter dopamine modulates progesterone receptor (PR) activation, the steroid-dependent behavior lordosis was used in estrogen-primed ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats with stereotaxic implanted third ventricle cannulas. Lordosis was observed in response to solicitous males in females after central administration of the D1-like agonist SKF38393 and three of its analogs (SKF77434, SKF75640, and SKF85174). In contrast, D1-like antagonist SCH23390 and D1-like/D2 repopulation inhibitor EEDQ blocked behavior inducible by the D1-like agonists. Further, antisense oligonucleotides to D5, but not D1, dopamine receptor mRNA suppressed reproductive behavior associated with D1-like stimulation. This finding provides strong evidence that dopaminergic modulation of lordosis is mediated by the novel D5 dopamine receptor. Although D1, but not D5, dopamine receptor mRNAs were detected in the ventromedial nucleus (VMN) by in situ hybridization, agonists microinjected into the VMN, but not into the arcuate nucleus or preoptic area, induced lordosis, suggesting the functional presence of D5 dopamine receptors in the VMN. Also in support, D5 receptor mRNA antisense microinjected into the VMN blocked the subsequent induction of lordosis by D1-like agonists. Finally, facilitation of sex behavior by D1-like agonists was blocked by the antiprogestin RU38486 and PR antisense oligonucleotide. Collectively, the data provide strong evidence for dopaminergic modulation of reproductive behavior through D5 dopamine receptor-mediated modulation of PR-dependent behavior in rat CNS.
Key words: steroid receptors; D5 dopamine receptors; lordosis; antisense oligonucleotides; progesterone; estrogenIn the female rat, the ovarian steroid hormone estrogen modulates the reproductive behavior lordosis (Pfaff and SchwartzGiblin, 1988). Estrogen effect on lordosis is mediated in part by steroid receptors in the estrogen-concentrating neurons located in the ventrolateral region of the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMN). The major effect of estrogen on lordosis is thought to be mediated by progesterone receptors (PR), because (1) estrogen induces PR in the VMN, and (2) RU38486 and PR antisense oligonucleotide block the induction of lordosis by progesterone (P) (Pfaff and Schwartz-Giblin, 1988;McCarthy et al., 1993). Thus, the dependence of lordosis on estrogen and progestins can be used in vivo to probe cellular and molecular mechanisms for mammalian behavior.As ligand-dependent nuclear transcription factors, steroid receptors alter the expression of specific genes or gene networks (Evans, 1988). However, the PR can be activated in vitro in a ligand-independent manner by the neurotransmitter dopamine (Tsai and O'Malley, 1994). Dopamine is thought to act selectively through D1-like and D2 receptors (Grierson et al., 1988). Centrally administered dopamine (Mani et al., 1994) and the D1-like agonist SKF38393 (Foreman and Moss, 1979) induce lordosis in rats primed with low doses (5-10 g) of estroge...