The effect of sewage irrigation on safety and hygiene of forage crops and silage

Weinberg, Z.G.; Ashbell, G.; Chen, Y.; Gamburg, M.; Sela, Shlomo

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.07.009

Cited by 18 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Brudzinski and Harrison (1998) reported that E. coli cells might develop acid resistance following the induction of an acid tolerance response and, consequently, they would be able to survive at pH as low as 3.4. Contrary to our results, Weinberg et al (2004) reported that after 6 days of ensiling, the E. coli population reached the counts 8 × 10 3 cfu/g and after one month the number of E. coli decreased below the detectable level in maize silage. Under our conditions, a decrease in the counts of staphylococci was observed in the inoculated silage during the whole ensiling period; it is in agreement with the results reported by Faid et al (1994).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

A new probiotic and bacteriocin-producing strain of Enterococcus faecium EF9296 and its use in grass ensiling

Marciňáková¹,

Lauková²,

Simonová³

et al. 2008

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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A new probiotic, bacteriocin-producing strain of Enterococcus faecium EF9296 (isolate of our laboratory) was used in grass ensiling as an inoculant. The antimicrobial effect as well as the nutritive quality of silage was evaluated along with the aerobic stability test. Grass was ensiled with EF9296 strain (109 colony-forming units per gram of fresh material) and the silage without EF9296 was also prepared. The silages were processed in 1-litre plastic bottles. The samples were collected at days 0–1 (start of experiment), 7, 14 and 105 of ensiling to check the microbial status and chemical parameters of silage. At the end of ensiling period (day 105) the silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test for 7 days. The EF9296 strain survived and colonized the silage in sufficient counts (109–1010 cfu/g). The total counts of enterococci and lactic acid bacteria were increased. In the silage inoculated with EF9296 strain, a reduction in E. coli, enterobacteriae, staphylococci and Bacillus-like bacteria was noted mainly at day 7 and 14 of ensiling. Moreover, the counts of Listeria and moulds were reduced during the aerobic stability test. The silage inoculation resulted in a more rapid drop of pH, higher level of lactic acid and in a decrease in the concentration of acetic and butyric acid. The effect of E. faecium EF9296 on the value of pH was prolonged until the end of the experiment (including the aerobic stability test, below 4.3). During the whole ensiling period an increase in DM content in the experimental silage was detected. The E. faecium EF9296 strain represents a promising silage additive to produce silage of good quality and/or to prevent silage contamination.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

A new probiotic and bacteriocin-producing strain of Enterococcus faecium EF9296 and its use in grass ensiling

Marciňáková¹,

Lauková²,

Simonová³

et al. 2008

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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“…A previous study (17) revealed that the sewage-irrigated forage crops in Israel contain no or few E. coli and Salmonella. However, substantial numbers of E. coli have been found in on May 10, 2018 by guest http://aem.asm.org/ samples taken from commercial silages in which the pH was between 6 and 7, and these silages were considered spoiled.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weinberg et al (17) showed that fresh forage crops which are irrigated by secondary-treated sewage water and well-preserved silages contain little or no E. coli. However, this species was detected in substantial numbers in decaying parts of silage (top and shoulders undergoing aerobic deterioration) and in feedstuffs in which the pH was above 5.0.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fate of Escherichia coli during Ensiling of Wheat and Corn

Chen

Sela

Gamburg

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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A recombinant Escherichia coli strain carrying a plasmid with an antibiotic resistance marker and expressing the green fluorescent protein was inoculated at a concentration of 3.8 ؋ 10 8 CFU/g into direct-cut wheat (348 g of dry matter kg ؊1 ), wilted wheat (450 g of dry matter kg ؊1 ), and corn (375 g of dry matter kg ؊1 ). The forages were ensiled in mini-silos. The treatments included control (no E. coli added), application of tagged E. coli, and delayed sealing of the inoculated wheat. Three silos per treatment were sampled on predetermined dates, and the numbers of E. coli were determined on Chromocult TBX medium with or without kanamycin. Colonies presumptively identified as E. coli were also tested for fluorescence activity. Addition of E. coli at the time of ensiling resulted in a more rapid decrease in the pH but had almost no effect on the chemical composition of the final silages or their aerobic stability. E. coli disappeared from the silages when the pH decreased below 5.0. It persisted longer in silages of wilted wheat, in which the pH declined more slowly. Control silages of all crops also contained bacteria, presumptively identified as E. coli, that were resistant to the antibiotic, which suggests that some epiphytic strains are naturally resistant to antibiotics.

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“…Hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) and good manufacturing practices (GMP) should be applied to forage crops and feeds (64). The cleaning of equipment would clearly reduce contamination, but another possible on-farm critical control point is to minimize the establishment of pathogenic E. coli in silage in order to limit E. coli contamination of animal feedstuffs, which can represent a first step in the human food chain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Silages could be contaminated by several pathogenic microorganisms and more precisely by pathogenic E. coli through manure or irrigation water (64). Hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) and good manufacturing practices (GMP) should be applied to forage crops and feeds (64).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of Escherichia coli O26 in Corn Silage Experimentally Contaminated at Ensiling, at Silo Opening, or after Aerobic Exposure, and Protective Effect of Various Bacterial Inoculants

Dunière¹,

Gleizal²,

Chaucheyras‐Durand³

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains are responsible for human illness. Ruminants are recognized as a major reservoir of STEC, and animal feeds, such as silages, have been pointed out as a possible vehicle for the spread of STEC. The present study aimed to monitor the fate of pathogenic E. coli O26 strains in corn material experimentally inoculated (10 5 CFU/g) during ensiling, just after silo opening, and after several days of aerobic exposure. The addition of 3 bacterial inoculants, Propionibacterium sp., Lactobacillus buchneri, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides (10 6 CFU/g), was evaluated for their abilities to control these pathogens. The results showed that E. coli O26 could not survive in corn silage 5 days postensiling, and the 3 inoculants tested did not modify the fate of pathogen survival during ensiling. In the case of direct contamination at silo opening, E. coli O26 could be totally eradicated from corn silage previously inoculated with Leuconostoc mesenteroides. The combination of proper ensiling techniques and the utilization of selected bacterial inoculants appears to represent a good strategy to guarantee nutritional qualities of cattle feed while at the same time limiting the entry of pathogenic E. coli into the epidemiological cycle to improve the microbial safety of the food chain.

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The effect of sewage irrigation on safety and hygiene of forage crops and silage

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

A new probiotic and bacteriocin-producing strain of Enterococcus faecium EF9296 and its use in grass ensiling

A new probiotic and bacteriocin-producing strain of Enterococcus faecium EF9296 and its use in grass ensiling

Fate of Escherichia coli during Ensiling of Wheat and Corn

Fate of Escherichia coli O26 in Corn Silage Experimentally Contaminated at Ensiling, at Silo Opening, or after Aerobic Exposure, and Protective Effect of Various Bacterial Inoculants

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