The effect of sewage sludge fertilization on the concentration of PAHs in urban soils

Wołejko, Elżbieta; Wydro, Urszula; Jabłońska-Trypuć, Agata; Butarewicz, Andrzej; Loboda, T.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.120

Cited by 46 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The composition of PAHs in sludge may also vary due to the different organic composition of different water sources [7]. In WW1, WW3 and WW4 sludge, phenanthrene (9.6–12.1%), fluoranthene (14.2–15.5%), and pyrene (12.3–13.8%) are the most dominant, which is consistent with the results of previous studies on PAHs composition of municipal wastewater treatment plant sludge [27,37]. The WW2 sludge has the highest content of pyrene (24.9%), benzo[g,h,i]perylene (18.6%), and chrysene (17.3%), which is different from the other three types of sludge studied (Figure 4).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sludge from Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants by GC-MS

Chen

Lim

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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The qualitative and quantitative analysis of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sludge samples from drinking water treatment plants (DWTP) and wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) were established using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The method was suitable to quantify PAHs in the sludge of DWTP and WWTP and it was confirmed by the relevant quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures. The recovery of individual PAHs in the spiked samples ranged from 74.3% to 108.7%. Detection limits of the analytical procedure were 0.0010–0.0046 mg/kg dw for individual PAHs. This method was used to determine the concentration of PAHs in the selected two DWTP and four WWTP sludge samples. The results showed that the total PAHs (∑PAHs) were in low levels which ranged from 0.0668 to 0.1357 mg/kg dw, and 0.5342–1.0666 mg/kg dw for DWTP and WWTP respectively. The 3- & 4-ring PAHs were predominant in DWTP sludge, ranging from 77.4% to 82.7%; the 4-ring PAHs were predominant in WWTP sludge, ranging from 40.7% to 47.6%. The PAHs of DWTP sludge are mainly composed of 3-ring phenanthrene and anthracene and 4-ring pyrene, and chrysene. The PAHs of WWTP sludge are dominated by 4-ring fluoranthene, pyrene, and chrysene. The detected PAHs concentration should be undoubtedly considered for agriculture in sludge applications based on the limits of the EU regulations. The results of this study can be used for regular monitoring to establish a reference for sludge management and application to agriculture.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sludge from Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants by GC-MS

Chen

Lim

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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“…Wołłejko et al [25] studied the effect of sewage sludge fertilization at doses of 75 and 150 t/ha on the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils. The research failed to demonstrate the effect of sewage sludge application on the 16 PAHs evaluated in the soil during the first year after application.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Migration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Sewage Sludge Used for Fertilization to Soils, Surface Waters, and Plants

Stańczyk-Mazanek

Stępniak

Kepa

2019

Water

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In this paper, we discuss the effect sewage sludge (SS) application has on the contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fertilized soils and groundwater. Morver, the contents of these compounds in plant biomass was analyzed. For six months, composted sewage sludge was introduced into sandy soil. The research was conducted under lysimetric experiment conditions with the possibility of collecting soil leachate in natural conditions. The following doses of sewage sludge were used: 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 t/ha calculated per experimental object containing 10 kg of sandy soil. The examinations were carried out within a three-year time frame. Dactylis glomerata grass was grown on the fertilized soils. Every year, the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was collected from fertilized objects and analyzed in soil leachate, which can contaminate surface water. The following six polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons defined by Polish standards were determined: benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, and benzo(g,h,i)perylene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene. Further, the content of PAHs in soils and the bioaccumulation of these compounds in cultivated plants were evaluated after each year. The results of the study showed that the increase in the dose of sewage sludge used for soil fertilization led to the rise in the amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons analyzed in the soil. The compounds migrated to cultivated plants. This phenomenon was observed especially in the first year following soil fertilization with sewage sludge. Excessive accumulation of PAHs (especially benzo(a)pyrene) was observed in plant biomass in the first year of a lysimetric experiment after sewage sludge fertilization with doses greater than 10 t/ha. The increase in bioaccumulation of this compound in plant biomass compared to control objects was 138%, 288%, and 505% after application of 20, 30, and 40 t/ha, respectively. Fertilization with sewage sludge did not cause contamination with PAHs in water leachates from the soils.

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“…BaP contamination poses a serious health hazard to humans and those affected by diseases [ 25 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ]. It is well documented that exposure to BaP and other chemicals found in soot, cigarette smoke, and exhaust fumes is associated with cancer in humans [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 58 , 69 , 70 ]. Due to its lipophilic nature, BaP can easily cross the cell membrane and accumulate in cells where it complexes with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), stimulating its metabolism through induction of cytochrome P450 isoforms 1A1 (CYP1A1) and 1B1 (CYP1B1) [ 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon family contains hundreds of chemicals, of which benzo-α-pyrene (BaP) is the most studied due to its high levels in the environment and toxicity [ 1 , 2 ]. Sources of BaP include natural events such as the eruption of volcanoes, forest fires, and other sources such as exhaust fumes from cars and buses, cigarette smoke, and fried or roasted foods [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Areas that experience high volumes of vehicles such as cities and towns have higher levels of BaP in the environment than rural areas [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemoresistance to Cancer Treatment: Benzo-α-Pyrene as Friend or Foe?

et al. 2018

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Background: Environmental pollution such as exposure to pro-carcinogens including benzo-α-pyrene is becoming a major problem globally. Moreover, the effects of benzo-α-pyrene (BaP) on drug pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and drug resistance warrant further investigation, especially in cancer outpatient chemotherapy where exposure to environmental pollutants might occur. Method: We report here on the effects of benzo-α-pyrene on esophageal cancer cells in vitro, alone, or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs cisplatin, 5-flurouracil, or paclitaxel. As the study endpoints, we employed expression of proteins involved in cell proliferation, drug metabolism, apoptosis, cell cycle analysis, colony formation, migration, and signaling cascades in the WHCO1 esophageal cancer cell line after 24 h of treatment. Results: Benzo-α-pyrene had no significant effect on WHCO1 cancer cell proliferation but reversed the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs by reducing drug-induced cell death and apoptosis by 30–40% compared to drug-treated cells. The three drugs significantly reduced WHCO1 cell migration by 40–50% compared to control and BaP-treated cells. Combined exposure to drugs was associated with significantly increased apoptosis and reduced colony formation. Evaluation of survival signaling cascades showed that although the MEK-ERK and Akt pathways were activated in the presence of drugs, BaP was a stronger activator of the MEK-ERK and Akt pathways than the drugs. Conclusion: The present study suggest that BaP can reverse the effects of drugs on cancer cells via the activation of survival signaling pathways and upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Our data show that BaP contribute to the development of chemoresistant cancer cells.

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The effect of sewage sludge fertilization on the concentration of PAHs in urban soils

Cited by 46 publications

References 48 publications

Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sludge from Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants by GC-MS

Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sludge from Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants by GC-MS

Analysis of Migration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Sewage Sludge Used for Fertilization to Soils, Surface Waters, and Plants

Chemoresistance to Cancer Treatment: Benzo-α-Pyrene as Friend or Foe?

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