The effect of shade on chlorophyll and anthocyanin content of upland red rice

Muhidin, .; Syam’un, Elkawakib; Kaimuddin, .; Musa, Yunus; Sadimantara, G R; Usman, .; Leomo, Sitti; Rakian, Tresjia Corina

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/122/1/012030

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…As the vegetation remained active during fruit ripening, the aging processes of the leaves did not occur strongly and the chlorophyll had not yet begun to decay (Figure 4). Charbonnier et al [49] states that in case of too much light chlorophyll content decreases, it can be increased by shading the plants, his research was supported by other authors [50,51]. However, in our study, apple planting distances did not show significant differences in the composition of photosynthetic pigments (Figure 5A,B).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Orchard Planting Density and Tree Development Stage Affects Physiological Processes of Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) Tree

et al. 2020

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One of the most important factors affecting photosynthesis and metabolism is light absorbance by leaves and penetration through the canopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of planting density and tree development stages on photosynthetic activity, photosynthetic pigments, and carbohydrates in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees in a combined way. The apple tree, Auksis, was grafted on dwarfing rootstock P 22. Space between rows was 3 m, trees were planted in 2001 in four distances: 0.25 m, 0.50 m, 0.75 m, and 1.00 m. Measurements and leaf samples were taken in the end of May (leaves fully expanded BBCH 20–25), in the middle of July (beginning of apple maturity BBCH 73–75) and at the end of August (harvest time BBCH 87–88) according BBCH—growth stages. Photosynthetic rate was significantly the lowest in the spring and tended to rise until fruit ripening, when it increased up to 19.4% compared to spring. Significantly the highest chlorophyll b and carotene α and β contents were found at the BBCH 73–75. The lowest levels of fructose and sorbitol in leaves were found at BBCH 73–75. The amount of starch accumulated in the leaves increased three times in summer compared to spring. Reduced distance between trees to four times (from 1 m to 0.25 m) showed clear competitive stress, as the decrease of photosynthetic rate (up to 36.4–38.6%) and total starch (up to 37–53%) was observed. The photosynthetic behaviour of apple trees was significantly affected by the development stage during the particular season which is related with physiological changes of metabolites transport and their distribution during fruit ripening and leaf senescence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Orchard Planting Density and Tree Development Stage Affects Physiological Processes of Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) Tree

et al. 2020

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“…Anthocyanins represent a group of water‐soluble phenolic compounds, which are responsible for the blue, red, and purple colors of many fruits and vegetables, but are rarely in grain (Deng et al., 2013; Suzuki et al., 2007). Anthocyanins had enhanced antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer activities (Muhidin et al, 2018; Surh & Koh, 2014). Anthocyanins are easy to degrade and cause a significant content reduction after milling and polishing because of their polar compounds (Chandrasekara & Shahidi, 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of phenolic profiles, dietary fiber, and antioxidant activities of rice after treatment with different milling processes

Chen

et al. 2020

Cereal Chem

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Background and objectives Milling, polishing, and color selection are the basic unit operation steps during rice processing, which may remove much amounts of nutritional components, such as phenolics and dietary fiber. And for a long time, rice is often overprocessed which results in a serious loss of nutrients. However, the reduction of the nutritional components during rice milling process has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different milling processes during industrial rice processing on the free and bound phenolic content, composition, dietary fiber, and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, T‐AOC) of two kinds of rice (Dao Huaxiang and Jiangxi Indica). Findings As the milling degree increased, the loss percentages of total phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins of Dao Huaxiang rice were 52.8%–76.4%, 43.3%–72.9%, and 100.0%, respectively; it was similar for the reduction percentages of total phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins for Jiangxi Indica rice, which were 56.5%–77.4%, 58.7%–87.7%, and 87.5%–100%, respectively; the amounts of total dietary fiber were also decreased from 5.87 to 2.03 g/100 g DW for the Dao Huaxiang rice and from 5.14 to 2.84 g/100 g DW for Jiangxi Indica rice, respectively. Correspondingly, the content of individual phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin compositions in both rice varieties decreased with the increase in milling degree during the rice processing. Antioxidant activities of T‐AOC, DPPH, and ABTS showed a same trend with phenolic profiles for the two rice varieties. Conclusions The phenolic profiles, dietary fiber, and antioxidant activities for Dao Huaxiang and Jiangxi Indica rice decreased significantly with milling degree increase during rice processing. Therefore, it is recommended that the milling and polishing degree should be reduced during rice grain processing, in order to achieve the purpose of not only satisfying the edible quality of rice but also retaining the nutritional characteristics as much as possible. Significance and novelty The rice samples in this study were from the actual industrial production industry, and the Dao Huaxiang rice and Jiangxi Indica rice were from northeast China and south China, respectively, which were representative and could provide specific and practical data for reducing milling degree in rice industry and reducing the removal of bran layer. These findings indicate that the milling degree should be reduced or controlled for retention of nutrients and acceptable sensory quality in rice.

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“…Chlorophyll is the most important photosynthetic pigment in photosynthetic processes, and the chlorophyll content is always significantly affected by shade stress (Alridiwirsah, Harahap, Akoeb, & Hanum, 2018). Under shade stress, plants increase their light use efficiency by increasing leaf chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b , total chlorophyll content, and decreasing chlorophyll a / b ratios (Dai et al, 2009; Gregoriou, Pontikis, & Vemmos, 2007), and if the available light source is reduced in a shade environment for photosynthesis, the chlorophyll content will be increased (Muhidin et al, 2018). Our results revealed a significantly increased chlorophyll content (chl a , chl b , and chl a + b ) in the different treatment groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional analyses reveal the molecular mechanism governing shade tolerance in the invasive plant Solidago canadensis

Wang

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Solidago canadensis is an invasive plant that is capable of adapting to variable light conditions. To elucidate the shade tolerance mechanism in S. canadensis at the molecular level, transcriptome analyses were performed for leaves growing under natural light and three shade level conditions. Many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the comparative analysis, including those involved in photosynthesis, antioxidant, and secondary metabolism of phenol‐ and flavonoid‐related pathways. Most genes encoding proteins involved in photosynthesis, such as photosystem I reaction center subunit (Psa), photosystem II core complex protein (Psb), and light‐harvesting chlorophyll protein (Lhca and Lhcb), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging‐related enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), were upregulated with the shade levels. Furthermore, most of the DEGs related to secondary metabolite synthesis were also upregulated in the shade conditions. Our study indicates that S. canadensis can respond to shade stress by modulating the expression of several photosynthesis‐related, free radical scavenging‐related, and secondary metabolism‐related genes; thus, this species has the ability to adapt to different light conditions.

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The effect of shade on chlorophyll and anthocyanin content of upland red rice

Cited by 33 publications

References 4 publications

Orchard Planting Density and Tree Development Stage Affects Physiological Processes of Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) Tree

Orchard Planting Density and Tree Development Stage Affects Physiological Processes of Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) Tree

Reduction of phenolic profiles, dietary fiber, and antioxidant activities of rice after treatment with different milling processes

Transcriptional analyses reveal the molecular mechanism governing shade tolerance in the invasive plant Solidago canadensis

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