The Effect of Shark Cartilage Extracts on the Growth and Metastatic Spread of the SCCVII Carcinoma

Horsman, Michael R.; Alsner, Jan; Overgaard, Jens

doi:10.1080/028418698430386

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Lane and others ignore these critical steps and suggest that consuming crude cartilage extracts by mouth or rectum can be curative of all cancers. It is notable that despite more than a decade of evaluation of shark cartilage, not a single controlled study has established any efficacy of crude cartilage extracts against cancer (6,53).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shark Cartilage, Cancer and the Growing Threat of Pseudoscience

et al. 2004

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The promotion of crude shark cartilage extracts as a cure for cancer has contributed to at least two significant negative outcomes: a dramatic decline in shark populations and a diversion of patients from effective cancer treatments. An alleged lack of cancer in sharks constitutes a key justification for its use. Herein, both malignant and benign neoplasms of sharks and their relatives are described, including previously unreported cases from the Registry of Tumors in Lower Animals, and two sharks with two cancers each. Additional justifications for using shark cartilage are illogical extensions of the finding of antiangiogenic and anti-invasive substances in cartilage. Scientific evidence to date supports neither the efficacy of crude cartilage extracts nor the ability of effective components to reach and eradicate cancer cells. The fact that people think shark cartilage consumption can cure cancer illustrates the serious potential impacts of pseudoscience. Although components of shark cartilage may work as a cancer retardant, crude extracts are ineffective. Efficiencies of technology (e.g., fish harvesting), the power of mass media to reach the lay public, and the susceptibility of the public to pseudoscience amplifies the negative impacts of shark cartilage use. To facilitate the use of reason as the basis of public and private decision-making, the evidence-based mechanisms of evaluation used daily by the scientific community should be added to the training of media and governmental professionals. Increased use of logical, collaborative discussion will be necessary to ensure a sustainable future for man and the biosphere.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shark Cartilage, Cancer and the Growing Threat of Pseudoscience

et al. 2004

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“…Barber et al [106], using a murine renal tumor model, showed that SC was not able to abolish carcinogenesis but delayed the development of papillary and solid tumors. In contrast, a study conducted by Horsman et al [107] was not able to duplicate these results when SC-treated mice implanted with SCCVII carcinoma did not show any retarding effect on primary tumor growth and inhibition of lung metastasis. However, the positive in vitro and in vivo results led to clinical trials of SC against advanced cancer.…”

Section: Shark Cartilagementioning

confidence: 70%

The role of nutraceutical proteins and peptides in apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis of cancer cells

Mejía

Dia

2010

Cancer Metastasis Rev

153

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The process of carcinogenesis is complex and not easy to eliminate. It includes the initial occurrence of genetic alterations which can lead to the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes and further accumulation of genetic alterations during tumor progression. Looking for food and food components with biological properties, collectively called nutraceuticals, that can hinder such alterations and prevent the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes is a very promising area for cancer prevention. Proteins and peptides are one group of nutraceuticals that show potential results in preventing the different stages of cancer including initiation, promotion, and progression. In this review, we summarized current knowledge on the use of nutraceutical proteins and peptides in cancer prevention and treatment. We focused on the role of plant protease inhibitors, lactoferrin and lactoferricin, shark cartilage, plant lectins, and lunasin in the apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis of cancer cells. Also included are studies on bioavailability and clinical trials conducted on these promising proteins and peptides.

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“…However, a recent article described that both malignant and benign neoplasms were found in sharks and their relatives 22 . It has been reported that shark cartilage extracts can inhibit tumor vessel formation and invasion in experimental studies [23][24][25] and its components may work as a cancer retardant, although a cartilage powder or crude extract was found to be ineffective 22,26 . However, several phase III clinical trials using water extract of fresh shark cartilage containing low molecular proteinous MMPI, TIMP-like protein, on various malignant tumors are now being undertaken 27,28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Pancreatic Carcinogenesis by Shark Cartilage Proteoglycan in Hamsters

et al. 2006

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Effects of shark cartilage proteoglycan (SCPG), which has heat-stable inhibitory activities against matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 in vitro, on pancreatic carcinogenesis were studied in a rapid production model for pancreatic duct adenocarcinomas (PCs) in hamsters. Female Syrian golden hamsters received a diet containing 0% (group 1), 0.2% (group 2) or 0.4% (group 3) of SCPG for 50 days after initiation with N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine followed by augmentation pressure. The number of PCs were 3.1 ± 2.0 in group 1 and 1.4 ± 0.9 in group 3, and total ductal lesions including hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia and PCs were 9.7 ± 4.0 and 5.6 ± 2.7, respectively, the differences being significantly different (P < 0.05). These results were confirmed in a repeat experiment (P < 0.01). Gelatin zymography revealed that oral administration of SCPG did not affect the expression and activation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in either serum or PC tissue. These results suggest that inhibition of pancreatic carcinogenesis by SCPG might involve a mechanism different from other synthetic

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The Effect of Shark Cartilage Extracts on the Growth and Metastatic Spread of the SCCVII Carcinoma

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Shark Cartilage, Cancer and the Growing Threat of Pseudoscience

Shark Cartilage, Cancer and the Growing Threat of Pseudoscience

The role of nutraceutical proteins and peptides in apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis of cancer cells

Inhibition of Pancreatic Carcinogenesis by Shark Cartilage Proteoglycan in Hamsters

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