The effect of silicon on lodging of rice in presence of added nitrogen

Idris, Muhamad Husni; Hossain, MB; Choudhury, F. A.

doi:10.1007/bf01928531

Cited by 47 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Pushing resistance was used as the index of lodging resistance in maize and rice (Idris et al, 1975;Terashima et al, 1992); however, in its measurement, the whole plant was used, and pushing resistance of the lower part was not measured without the effect of the upper part. The relationship between pushing resistance of the lower part and lodging resistance has not been clarified.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification and Functional Analysis of a Locus for Improvement of Lodging Resistance in Rice

2004

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We identified a new locus responsible for increased pushing resistance of the lower part of rice (Oryza sativa) and analyzed its physiological function to understand how to improve lodging resistance in rice. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling pushing resistance of the lower part were analyzed in a population of backcross inbred lines of japonica Nipponbare ϫ indica Kasalath plants cut out at 40 cm to exclude the effect of the weight of the upper parts. Five QTLs for pushing resistance were detected; only one QTL from Kasalath on chromosome 5 (prl5) had a positive effect. The likelihood odds ratio curve of prl5 echoed that for lodging resistance by typhoon. We selected three near-isogenic lines (NILs) in which the chromosomal region of prl5 was substituted with that of Kasalath in the Nipponbare background. The dry weights and densities and the contents of accumulated carbohydrate in stems below 40 cm (lower stems) in each NIL were significantly higher than those of Nipponbare. There was no difference between Nipponbare and the NILs in yield, root characteristics, or the weights of the upper parts. Pushing resistance of the lower part and lodging resistance in the NILs were up to twice as high as in Nipponbare. These results suggest that prl5 might affect the characteristics of the lower stems of the NILs, thus increasing lodging resistance.Lodging is a common problem in most cereals and various other crops, including wheat (Triticum aesti-

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confidence: 99%

Identification and Functional Analysis of a Locus for Improvement of Lodging Resistance in Rice

2004

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“…It is enhanced by high doses of nitrogen fertilizer (mainly, because it increases plant height), plant density, rain, wind and certain fungi that attack the basal stem. But it is reduced by potassium fertilization (Tinarelli, 1988;Bhiah et al, 2010), addition of silicon (Idris et al, 1975) or 2,4-D spraying (Matsubayashi et al, 1967).…”

Section: Resumen Comunicación Corta Evaluación De La Resistencia Al mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the traditional target has been a reduction of height, pushing resistance has also been used in individual plants of maize and rice (Idris et al, 1975;Terashima et al, 1992), particularly that of the lower part of the rice plant (Kashiwagi and Ishimaru, 2004). Torró (2010) measured the pulling resistance of two F 3 populations of rice, which showed low heritability, but responded to selection.…”

Section: Resumen Comunicación Corta Evaluación De La Resistencia Al mentioning

confidence: 99%

Short communication. Assessing lodging resistance in rice: A comparison of two indirect testing methods

Torró

Bretó

García-Yzaguirre

1970

Span. j. agric. res.

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Rice lodging is still a problem in many countries, as all rice-growing countries have some varieties that get lodged. Direct evaluation of lodging resistance requires visual estimates in plots, but is not feasible in early generations of breeding programs, where genetic variability is too high. The aim of this study was to compare two methods for indirect evaluation of lodging resistance, especially in field conditions: the recovery ability after bending (measured as the tiller angle difference before and after bending); and, to test the sturdiness of the lower part of the plant, we have measured its resistance to pulling. Sixteen rice varieties and two F 5 breeding lines were grown in plots and rows; 20 additional F 5 breeding lines were only tested in rows. Visual estimates of plot lodging were significantly correlated with their tiller angle difference (r = 0.56*), but not with plant height or pulling resistance, although the latter was also correlated with visual lodging when only susceptible accessions were considered (r = -0.72*). Tiller angle difference was not significantly correlated with pulling strength, but it correlates with plant height (r = 0.56*). The scoring of tiller angle difference is simpler and less dependent on the evaluator than pulling resistance. It is concluded that it can be a valuable trait to select for resistance to lodging in early segregating generations of a pedigree breeding program.Additional key words: culm elasticity; lodging resistance; Oryza sativa; plant height; pulling strength; tiller angle. Resumen Comunicación corta. Evaluación de la resistencia al encamado en arroz: comparación de dos ensayos indirectosEl encamado del arroz sigue siendo un problema en muchos países, ya que todos los países cultivadores tienen algunas variedades que se encaman. La evaluación directa de la resistencia al encamado requiere estimas visuales en parcelas, pero no es posible en las primeras generaciones de un programa de mejora, cuya variabilidad genética es demasiado grande. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar dos métodos de evaluación indirecta de resistencia al encamado en campo: la capacidad de recuperación tras doblado (medida como la diferencia angular de un tallo antes y después del doblado); y para probar la fortaleza de la parte inferior de la planta, se midió su resistencia a la tracción. Se cultivaron 16 variedades y dos líneas de mejora (F 5 ) en parcelas y líneas; 20 líneas de mejora adicionales (F 5 ) fueron sólo ensayadas en filas. Las estimas visuales de encamado en parcelas estuvieron significativamente correlacionadas con la diferencia del ángulo de sus tallos (r = 0,56*), pero no con la altura de planta ni con la resistencia a la tracción, aunque esta última también mostró correlación con el encamado visual cuando sólo se consideraron las entradas susceptibles (r = -0,72*). La diferencia del ángulo del tallo no estuvo significativamente correlacionada con la resistencia a la tracción, pero sí con la altura de planta (r = 0,56*). La medida de la diferencia ang...

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“…Ma et al (2001), çeltikte silisyumun su dengesinin sağlanmasındaki önemine bağlı olarak kurak periyotlarda silisyum gübrelemesinin gerekli olduğunu bildirmiştir. Silisyum seven (silisyumu kolayca absorbe etme ve depolama kabiliyetine sahip) bir bitki olan çeltikte (İdris et al 1975;Balasta & Perez 1989) silisyum sap dayanaklığını ve tahıllarda yatmaya karşı direnci artırdığı bildirilmiştir (Epstein 1994). Tuna et al (2008), tam besin solüsyonunda ve tuz stresi altında (100 mM NaCl) gelişen buğday bitkisine 0.25 ve 0.5 mM Na 2 SiO 3 ilavesinin tuzluluğun bitki kuru madde ve klorofil içeriği üzerindeki negatif etkilerini kaldırdığını ifade etmişlerdir.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Çeltikte (Oryza sativa L.) tuz stresinin azaltılmasında silisyumlu gübrelemenin etkisi

KORKMAZ¹

2014

Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi

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ÖZETToprak tuzluluğu bitki verim ve kalitesini olumsuz yönde etkileyen en önemli abiyotik stres faktörlerinden birisidir. Silisyum (Si) bitkilerde stres faktörlerini azaltan bir element olarak bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tuz x Si interaksiyonunun çeltik dane verimine, tuzlulaşmanın toprakların yarayışlı Si kapsamına ve tuz stresinin önlenmesinde Si'un etkilerini incelemektir. Bu amaçla Samsun yöresi çeltik topraklarından 5 adet toprak örneği alınmıştır. Topraklarda farklı tuz düzeyi oluşturmak için 9:5:5:1 oranında Na 2 SO 4 :NaCl:CaCl 2 :MgSO 4 tuz karışımından 1, 2, 3, 4 ve 5 no'lu topraklara EC değeri sırasıyla, 10.27, 3.55, 10.98, 5.75 ve 7.22 dS m -1 'ye ulaşacak şekilde uygulanmıştır. Topraklarda faktöriyel deneme desenine göre (2 x 5) 3 tekerrürlü sera denemesi kurularak çeltik bitkisi yetiştirilmiştir. Her tuz seviyesinde (tuzsuz ve tuzlu) topraklara 0, 50, 100, 200 ve 400 mg Si kg -1 silisik asit (H 4 SiO 4 ) verilmiştir. Ayrıca bütün topraklara toprak analizine göre yarayışlı NPK seviyeleri eşitlenecek şekilde gübreleme yapılmıştır. Silisyum gübrelemesiyle çeltik dane veriminde sağlanan ortalama artışın EC'si 3.55 dS m -1 olan toprakta % 55.5 ile EC'si 10.98 dS m -1 olan toprakta ise % 2.31 arasında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tuz x Si interaksiyonu 4 toprakta önemli olduğu ve optimum Si dozunun toprakların tuz seviyelerine göre değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Toprakların EC seviyeleri arttıkça yarayışlı Si kapsamında ve Si gübrelemesinin çeltik dane veriminde sağladığı artışlarda azalma görülmüştür. Silisyum çeltik danesinin Na içeriğini genellikle azaltırken; K içeriğini artırmış; Ca, Mg ve P içeriğinde ise belirgin bir eğilim gözlenmemiştir. Çeltiğin dane verimi ile Na içeriği arasında çok önemli negatif ilişki (R = -0.664) elde edilirken, silisyumlu gübreleme danenin K/Na, Ca/Na, Mg/Na ve P/Na oranlarını genellikle artırmıştır. Sonuç olarak, tuzlu topraklarda yetiştirilen çeltik bitkisine uygulanacak optimum Si dozunun 200 mg kg -1 olduğu ve çeltik yetiştiriciliğinde silisyumlu gübrelemenin toprakta tuzluluk ve alkaliliğin zararlarını azaltan pratik bir uygulama olabileceği kanaatine varılmıştır.

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The effect of silicon on lodging of rice in presence of added nitrogen

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Identification and Functional Analysis of a Locus for Improvement of Lodging Resistance in Rice

Identification and Functional Analysis of a Locus for Improvement of Lodging Resistance in Rice

Short communication. Assessing lodging resistance in rice: A comparison of two indirect testing methods

Çeltikte (Oryza sativa L.) tuz stresinin azaltılmasında silisyumlu gübrelemenin etkisi

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