The Effect of Silver and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolates Multi Resistant to Antibiotics and Observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy

Abstract

One hundred fifty six samples collected included: urinary tract infections, wounds, pus, burns and tonsils from patients coming to Rizgary Teaching Hospital and Rozhawa Hospital in Erbil city from March to September 2013, scrubbed and confirmed the diagnosis (33) strain which belongs to Klebsiella pneumoniae and by (21.2%) based on cultural characteristics, microscopically features and biochemical tests in addition to the API -20E.These strains sensitivity to 12 types of antibiotics. It gave the species a high resistance against the Ampicillin (AM / 10µg) by 100% and resistant to Amoxicillin (AX / 25µg)by (94%) were less resistant to Cephalothin (KF/30µg),Ceftriaxone (CRO/30µg), Cefotaxime(CTX/30µg) by (36.4,30.3,27.3%) respectively Ten isolates were selected according to their pattern of the highest resistance as these showing multi-drug resistances and tested to specify their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the antibiotics and two types of Nanoparticles include Silver in different sizes (20, 90)nm and titanium dioxide in different sizes (10, 50, 100)nm. The results showed that the MIC for Ag 20nm was between (650 -2600) µg/ml and the MIC for Ag 90nm was between (325 -2600) µg/ml but the MIC for TiO 2 10, 100nm between (325-2600) µg/ml, MIC of TiO 2 50nm between (81.25-2600) µg/ml. Synergism effect between the antibiotics and the Nanoparticles when they integrate increased their effect of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Morphological changes of bacteria found using scanning electron microscope (SEM) when treating with Nanoparticles. While there a pressure on the bacterial cell surface with losing of bacterial compound.

Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Expression of Efflux Pump and Quorum-Sensing Genes in MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates

“…Titanium dioxide powder combined with antibiotics showed a significant decrease in the MICs of the tested strains by 2-fold or greater, which suggested its activity as an efflux inhibitor according to the method reported by Lamers et al [33]. In addition, many studies have shown that combining TDN and antibiotics potentiates the antimicrobial action of different classes of antibiotics [34,35]. The combination of TDN with antibiotics increases the concentration of antibiotics at the bacterium-antibiotic interaction site, and the binding of bacteria to antibiotics [36].…”

<p>Comparative Study of Antibacterial Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Alone and in Combination with Antibiotics on MDR <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> Strains</p>

“…Furthermore, nanoparticles release ions that can react with the -SH group of proteins that control the transporting of material, reducing their permeability. 7,9,44 Many studies detected antifungal and antibacterial activities of TDN as Duymaz et al 45 and Alhadrami et al 46 Thomas (2016) showed that antimicrobial activity of toothpastes and mouthwashes against dental plaque-causing organisms were enhanced by adding TDN. 47 Recently many studies reported that the wound dressing with TDN enhanced wound healing due to its antimicrobial and cell growth stimulation features.…”

“…55 Many studies have shown that combining TDN potentiate the antimicrobial action of different classes of antibiotics. 2,[7][8][9] FICI is an indicator of the degree of interaction between TDN with commercial antibiotics for the 25 MDR P. aeruginosa strains. The FICI of the combination of TDN plus cefepime shows synergistic effect to all isolates (100%), ceftriaxone; showing synergistic effect against 24 strains (96%) and additive effect against one strain (4%); ciprofloxacin showing synergistic effect against 20 strains (80%) and additive effect against three (12%) and two strains were not evaluated using the combination of TDN and ciprofloxacin as both were sensitive to ciprofloxacin; amikacin, showing synergistic effect against 22 strains (88%) and additive effect against three (12%) isolates as shown in Table 3.…”

“…Besides, they may act as mineral elements supplement that is essential to human cells. 9 Titanium oxide nanoparticles showed good inhibitory activity against bacterial growth due to its small nanometer scale and potent oxidizing power. 3 This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of MDR P. aeruginosa that causes many diseases and to assess the efficiency of TDN alone and in combination with different antibiotics in the treatment of MDR P. aeruginosa.…”

Pseudomonas putida infection induces immune-antioxidant, hepato-renal, ethological, and histopathological/immunohistochemical disruptions in Oreochromis niloticus: the palliative role of titanium dioxide nanogel

“…They are characterized by many features, including heat resistance and less toxicity, and reveal strong activity against resistant strains of many microorganisms [ 15 , 16 ]. Also, they can be utilized as mineral element supplements which are essential for nourishing cells [ 17 ]. Nano-based titanium oxide elicited potent inhibitory activity against the growth of bacteria because of its little nano-sized and strong oxidizing activity [ 18 ].…”