The effect of socks on vertical and anteroposterior ground reaction forces in walking and running

Blackmore, Tim; Ball, Nick; Scurr, Joanna

doi:10.1016/j.foot.2010.10.002

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Despite the relative importance of compression and impact absorption properties of socks, understanding has been limited to theoretical modeling of deformation of fibers and yarns independent of fabrics, 6–12 literature on carpets (unpublished), or human wear trials. 5,13,14 The effect of fabric compression on handle and drape has also been investigated. 15,16 The importance of fabric structure on sock compression and capacity to absorb impact has been alluded to; 14,17 however, further work is needed to fully understand how sock fabrics behave under compressive forces.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sock fabrics: relevance of fiber type, yarn, fabric structure and moisture on cyclic compression

Amber

Lowe

Niven

et al. 2014

Textile Research Journal

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The objective of this study was to subject dry and damp sock fabrics to repeated compression cycles in order to determine the relative effects of fiber type (fine wool, mid-micron wool, acrylic), yarn type (high twist, low twist, single) and fabric structure (single jersey, half-terry, terry) on fabric compression and recovery from compression. Changes in fabric thickness were measured using a tensile tester and a number of parameters identified and analyzed: retained thickness, recovered thickness, compression to recovery ratio, energy absorption and energy absorption standardized for fabric thickness. The dominant factor was the number of compression cycles, with most change in the thickness retained and recovered evident within the first 10 cycles. The pattern of response of dry and damp fabrics was quite different with, the dry fabrics having a better compression to recovery ratio. Energy absorption was affected strongly by fabric structure, however this was closely related to initial fabric thickness. When fabrics were made damp, fabrics composed of acrylic fibers had a better compression to recovery ratio than fabrics composed of wool.

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confidence: 99%

“…5,13,14 The effect of fabric compression on handle and drape has also been investigated. 15,16 The importance of fabric structure on sock compression and capacity to absorb impact has been alluded to; 14,17 however, further work is needed to fully understand how sock fabrics behave under compressive forces.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sock fabrics: relevance of fiber type, yarn, fabric structure and moisture on cyclic compression

Amber

Lowe

Niven

et al. 2014

Textile Research Journal

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“…The impact force and pressure distribution characteristics between the feet and the shoes must be understood to effectively optimize the technical movements, reduce foot injuries, and improve the design of specialized shoes [6]. However, the existing studies on foot loading have mainly focused on common gait characteristics, such as walking and running [7,8], and studies on specific sports maneuvers, such as cross-over running and lay-up jumping [9][10][11], are limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoe Cushioning Effects on Foot Loading and Comfort Perception during Typical Basketball Maneuvers

et al. 2019

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Purpose: This study aimed to explore the relationship between foot loading and comfort perception in two basketball shoes during basketball-specific maneuvers. Methods: Twelve male collegiate basketball players were required to complete three basketball maneuvers (i.e., side-step cutting, 90 • L-direction running, and lay-up jumping) in two basketball shoe conditions (shoe L and shoe N, with different midsole cushioning types). Two Kistler force plates and a Medilogic insole plantar pressure system were used to collect kinetic data (i.e., impact force, peak loading rate, and plantar pressure variables). Perception scales were used to evaluate comfort perception. Results: No significant difference was observed between the two shoes during maneuvers in terms of ground reaction force. However, the plantar pressure of shoe L in the midfoot and lateral foot regions was significantly greater than that of shoe N during side-step cutting and lay-up jumping. Shoe N was significantly superior to shoe L, especially in dynamic scale in terms of the perception of comfort. The plantar pressure and perception characteristics in the two shoes were significantly different but inconsistent with each other. Conclusion: The biomechanical characteristics of the shoes themselves and the perception evaluation of the athletes should be considered in comprehensive shoe-cushioning design and evaluation.

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“…5 There are some studies indicating that wearing socks with different materials have no effect on reducing the plantar pressure when compared to being socks-free. [13][14][15] Previous studies showed that the structures of the knitted fabric are effective on compression behaviors of single-jersey weft-knitted fabric. In addition, the structures of the knitted fabric change the contact points and the contact area between the socks and the ground.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 There are some studies indicating that wearing socks with different materials have no effect on reducing the plantar pressure when compared to being socks-free. 13–15…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of socks structures on plantar dynamic pressure distribution

Soltanzadeh

Najar

Haghpanahi

et al. 2016

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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A major purpose of investigating the plantar pressure in patients with pain or those at risk for skin injury is to reduce the pressure below metatarsal heads, specially first and second metatarsal heads. The aim of this article is to evaluate the effects of the socks structures on the changes in plantar dynamic pressure. In this study, seven socks types with different structures for the sole area were produced. The Gaitview AFA-50 system, a force plate, was used to measure the plantar dynamic pressure of 10 participants. The barefoot plantar dynamic pressure distribution was compared with the plantar dynamic pressure distribution with socks by two independent samples test on various zones of the foot and on different genders using SPSS software. Mann-Whitney tests were used to determine specific significant differences. The obtained results showed that the main trend was to redistribute the plantar dynamic pressure from the higher plantar pressure zones (toe and first through forth metatarsal bone regions) were decreased and as a result the plantar pressure toward the relatively lower pressure zones (fifth metatarsal bone and midfoot regions). In comparison with the barefoot condition, the cross miss structure reduced the mean pressure in the critical region of the foot (first metatarsal) for male and female subjects ( p < 0.05) and also the mock rib structure reduced the mean pressure for female subjects ( p < 0.05). In general, the results suggested wearing the socks because the socks make the plantar pressure redistributed from high to low plantar pressure zones. The results of this research indicated that wearing socks with cross miss and mock rib structures will reduce the mean plantar pressure values in forefoot area in comparison with the barefoot condition.

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The effect of socks on vertical and anteroposterior ground reaction forces in walking and running

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Sock fabrics: relevance of fiber type, yarn, fabric structure and moisture on cyclic compression

Sock fabrics: relevance of fiber type, yarn, fabric structure and moisture on cyclic compression

Shoe Cushioning Effects on Foot Loading and Comfort Perception during Typical Basketball Maneuvers

Effect of socks structures on plantar dynamic pressure distribution

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