The effect of stimulus duration on the persistence of gratings

Bowling, Alison C; Lovegrove, William

doi:10.3758/bf03198688

Cited by 94 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These investigators reported that the lSI at which transitions from element to group motion occurs tends to increase as the spatial frequencies composing each frame of the alternating displays decrease. On the basis of our persistence hypothesis and the finding that persistence decreases as spatial frequency decreases (Bowling & Lovegrove, 1980;Breitmeyer et al, 1981;Meyer & Maguire, 1977), one would expect the opposite result, namely, that the transitional lSI decreases as spatial frequency decreases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…This result again is in agreement with our persistence hypothesis. Bowling and Lovegrove (1980) demonstrated that visual persistence of grating stimuli is affected interactively by spatial frequency and duration. They found, in agreement with our results and interpretation, that increases of duration decreased visual persistence more when high-spatial-frequency gratings (small patterns) were employed than when low-frequency ones were used.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…tion. We know from prior studies (Bowen, Pola, & Matin, 1974;Bowling & Lovegrove, 1980;Breitmeyer, Levi, & Harwerth, 1981;Di Lollo, 1977;Meyer & Maguire, 1977) that with spatially overlapping stimuli, such as comprise the two inner elements, pattern persistencedecreases as stimulus size or duration increases. Hence, as was found (Breitmeyer & Ritter, in press;Petersik & Pantle, 1979), one would expect the ISIs at which transitions from element to group motion occur to decrease.…”

Section: University Of Houston Houston Texasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visual persistence and the effect of eccentric viewing, element size, and frame duration on bistable stroboscopic motion percepts

Breitmeyer

Ritter

1986

Perception & Psychophysics

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Bistable stroboscopic motion percepts can be generated when two frames, each consisting of three square elements, are presented alternately at varying interstimulus intervals (ISIs). Endto-end element motion is observed at short ISIs; group motion is observed at long ISIs. We found that the ISIs at which transitions from element to group motion occurred decreased as (1) viewing eccentricity, (2) element size, and (3) frame durations increased. Since visual pattern persistence also decreases as each of these three parameters increases, we conclude that such persistence plays a role in determining which percept dominates in bistable stroboscopic motion.One phenomenon that accompanies a briefly displayed stimulus pattern is visual pattern persistence. Two such patterns displayed in spatiotemporal sequence additionally produce the sensation of stroboscopic motion. Since pattern persistence also occurs in two-or multiple-pattern sequences (Allport, 1968;Di Lollo & Hogben, 1985), we can ask how and to what extent persistence and stroboscopic motion are related (e.g., see Farrell, 1984). To address this question, we investigated the competing bistable stroboscopic motion percepts reported by Pantle and Picciano (1976). To produce such percepts, stimuli such as those shown in Figure 1 are presented in cyclic alternation. Frame 1 contains three equispaced and horizontally arrayed elements; Frame 2 contains the same elements displaced to the right by the center-to-center distance separating two adjacent elements. Thus, the two right elements of Frame 1 and the two left elements of Frame 2 overlap spatially. When these two frames are alternately flashed for several cycles at varying interstimuIus intervals (ISIs), one can observe one of two motion percepts, depending on lSI. At short ISIs, one sees the middle two, overlapping elements as stationary and the endmost elements moving back and forth. This perception of end-to-end element motion is replaced at longer ISIs by a perception of group motion in which three elements are seen to move back and forth as a group.In a separate study (Breitmeyer & Ritter, in press), we showed that an overall increase of group motion-and hence a decrease of element motion-could be effected by increasing either element size or, as Petersik and Pantle (1979) had done, frame duration. In particular, the lSI at which transitions from element to group motion occurred decreased with increases in element size or frame durations. These results were interpreted in terms of the Requests for reprints should be directed to B. G. Breitmeyer, Department of Psychology, University of Houston, University Park, Houston, TX 77004. hypothesis that the perception of end-to-end element motion depends on the perception of stationarity of the inner two elements (Braddick, 1980; Braddick & Adlard, 1978;Pantle & Petersik, 1980). That is to say, over successive frames, the spatially overlapping elements are temporally integrated by the perceptual system. Moreover, we suggested that a process responsible for such ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: University Of Houston Houston Texasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visual persistence and the effect of eccentric viewing, element size, and frame duration on bistable stroboscopic motion percepts

Breitmeyer

Ritter

1986

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…Specifically, they have shown that the transitional ISI is a decreasing function of viewing eccentricity, element size, and frame duration. These three variables are all negatively correlated with measures of the visual iconic persistence (Bowen, Pola, and Matin, 1974;Bowling and Lovegrove, 1980;Breitmeyer and Halpern, 1978;Breitmeyer, Levi, and Harwerth, 1981;Di Lollo, 1977;Di Lollo and Hogben, 1985;Meyer and Maguire, 1977;Mezrich, 1984). None of these studies indicate, however how visual persistence should be modeled, how it may inhibit group motion, or why the illusory percept in element motion does not "collide" with the stationary dots and be thereby terminated.…”

Section: Motion Versus Visual Persistencementioning

confidence: 98%

Cortical dynamics of visual motion perception: Short-range and long-range apparent motion.

Grossberg¹,

Rudd²

1992

Psychological Review

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This article describes further evidence for a new neural network theory of biological motion perception. The theory clarifies why parallel streams VI -*• V2, VI -»• MT, and VI -» V2 -»• MT exist for static form and motion form processing among the areas VI, V2, and MT of visual cortex. The theory suggests that the static form system (Static BCS) generates emergent boundary segmentations whose outputs are insensitive to direction-of-contrast and to direction-of-motion, whereas the motion form system (Motion BCS) generates emergent boundary segmentations whose outputs are insensitive to direction-of-contrast but sensitive to direction-of-motion. The theory is used to explain classical and recent data about short-range and long-range apparent motion percepts that have not yet been explained by alternative models. These data include beta motion, split motion, gamma motion and reverse-contrast gamma motion, delta motion, and visual inertia. Also included are the transition from group motion to element motion in response to a Ternus display as the interstimulus interval (ISI) decreases; group motion in response to a reverse-contrast Ternus display even at short ISIs; speed-up of motion velocity as interflash distance increases or flash duration decreases; dependence of the transition from element motion to group motion on stimulus duration and size, various classical dependencies between flash duration, spatial separation, ISI, and motion threshold known as Korte's laws; dependence of motion strength on stimulus orientation and spatial frequency; short-range and long-range form-color interactions; and binocular interactions of flashes to different eyes.

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“…As spatial frequency increases, so does persistence (Bowling & Lovegrove, 1980;Bowling, Lovegrove, & Mapperson, 1979;Lovegrove & Meyer, 1984;Meyer & Maguire, 1977). Persistence has also been shown to vary inversely with the contrast of the stimulus (Bowling & Lovegrove, 1980;Bowling et al, 1979;Marx & May, 1983). In the task in these studies, a briefly presented (50-msec) square-wave grating was cycled with a variable duration blank field of the same average lumiCopyright 1992 Psychonomic Society, Inc. 222…”

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confidence: 99%

Apparent duration and spatial structure

Hughes

Lishman

Parker

1992

Perception & Psychophysics

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In three experiments, we investigated the relative perceived duration of a full bandwidth image and a set of high-and lowpass filtered images of a scene, briefly presented on a visual display unit. In Experiment 1, the various images were compared with each other, using a paired comparison method. All images were presented for 40 msec, and observers were asked to judge which of each pair of images had the longest duration. The results showed that images containing a wide spatial frequency bandwidth were judged to be of longer duration than were images of a narrower bandwidth, regardless of whether the latter were high-or lowpass filtered. In Experiment 2, a 40-msec presentation of each of the images was compared with a presentation of a probe that was 20, 40, 60, or 80 msec in duration. Observers again judged which of each pair of images had the longest duration. The results were very similar to those of Experiment 1, with wide bandwidth images being judged to be of longer duration than were narrow bandwidth images. In Experiment 3, instead of comparing the various filtered versions of the image with each other, we attempted to obtain a direct measure of perceived duration by comparing a flashing LED to a 40-msec flash of a subset of the images used in the previous experiments. The observers' task was to adjust the duration of the LED flash to match the perceived duration of each image. The results confirmed the results of the previous experiments, again indicating that wide bandwidth images are perceived to have longer phenomenal durations than narrow bandwidth images are perceived to have. These results could be predicted from previous research in the literature on the effects of spatial frequency on perceptual lag but not from research on visual persistence. It is argued that the effects described here can probably be explained best by postulating a link between perceived duration and the integration of separately processed spatial frequency information.

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The effect of stimulus duration on the persistence of gratings

Cited by 94 publications

References 21 publications

Visual persistence and the effect of eccentric viewing, element size, and frame duration on bistable stroboscopic motion percepts

Visual persistence and the effect of eccentric viewing, element size, and frame duration on bistable stroboscopic motion percepts

Cortical dynamics of visual motion perception: Short-range and long-range apparent motion.

Apparent duration and spatial structure

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