The effect of sub-clinical infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis on milk production in a New Zealand dairy herd

Bates, Andrew; O’Brien, Rory; Liggett, Simon; Griffin, Frank

doi:10.1186/s12917-018-1421-4

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In our study, we observed a statistically significant decrease in the milk yield of seropositive animals in herd B (higher seroprevalence). A similar relationship was observed by Pritchard et al [6] in the UK and by Bates et al [15] in New Zealand. Conversely, in herd A (lower seroprevalence), we observed a significantly higher milk yield in seropositive than in seronegative cows.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Similar differences in the seroprevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle herds were also observed by other researchers. In Canada, the seroprevalence in herds ranges from 1.8% to 3.9% [26]; in New Zealand, estimates are around 50-70% [15]; and in some regions of the USA, it may even reach 90% [27]. Based on the collected data, Whittington et al [11] determined the global prevalence to be 20%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of MAP infections in the herd is not only potentially hazardous for human and animal health but can also result in productivity changes [14]. There are many studies indicating economic losses in herds of cows infected with paratuberculosis [7,9,15,16]. They are attributed to an increased risk of premature culling [17,18] and reduced fertility [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis Infection on the Productivity of Cows in Two Dairy Herds with a Low Seroprevalence of Paratuberculosis

Wiszniewska-Łaszczych

Szteyn

Lachowicz³

2020

Animals

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Simple Summary: Paratuberculosis is a chronic, progressive enteritis of ruminants, caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. It affects the productivity of infected dairy cows, causing a reduction in the daily milk yield and basic milk components. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis on the productivity of dairy cows in naturally infected herds with different seroprevalences of paratuberculosis. A decrease in milk yield was observed in cows in herds with a higher seroprevalence. The largest decrease in milk yield and basic milk components was observed in older animals.Abstract: Paratuberculosis is a chronic, progressive enteritis of ruminants, caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. It affects the productivity of infected dairy cows, causing a reduction in the daily milk yield and basic milk components. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis on the productivity of dairy cows in two herds. The research materials were serum and milk samples taken from cows from two naturally infected dairy herds. All serum samples were serologically tested using the Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Antibody ELISA Kit by IDEXX-Screening and Verification. Seroprevalence differed between the herds (5.7% and 11.3%). Seroprevalence varied also between the groups of lactation. The highest seroprevalence was found in the first lactation group in both herds. The milk yield evaluation and analysis of the basic milk components' content (protein and fat total solids) were tested once a month during one lactation period. The content of the basic milk components varied depending on the lactation group, as well as the serological status of the cows. A decrease in milk yield was observed in cows in herds with a higher seroprevalence (>11%). The largest decrease in milk yield and basic milk components was observed in older animals (>three lactations).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis Infection on the Productivity of Cows in Two Dairy Herds with a Low Seroprevalence of Paratuberculosis

Wiszniewska-Łaszczych

Szteyn

Lachowicz³

2020

Animals

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“…Losses to the dairy farmer consist of losses before, during or after culling [4]. Losses before culling may include reduced milk production of variable magnitude [5–10], increased somatic cell counts [7, 8, 10–12], increased incidence of clinical mastitis [10, 13, 14], reduced fertility [2, 15, 16], increased susceptibility to other diseases [17, 18] and costs of testing and treatment [4]. Cattle infected with MAP have higher on-farm mortality and cull rates [19–23], as do veal calves that originated from dairy herds with paratuberculosis [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of paratuberculosis: who, why and how. A review of 48 countries

et al. 2019

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Paratuberculosis, a chronic disease affecting ruminant livestock, is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). It has direct and indirect economic costs, impacts animal welfare and arouses public health concerns. In a survey of 48 countries we found paratuberculosis to be very common in livestock. In about half the countries more than 20% of herds and flocks were infected with MAP. Most countries had large ruminant populations (millions), several types of farmed ruminants, multiple husbandry systems and tens of thousands of individual farms, creating challenges for disease control. In addition, numerous species of free-living wildlife were infected. Paratuberculosis was notifiable in most countries, but formal control programs were present in only 22 countries. Generally, these were the more highly developed countries with advanced veterinary services. Of the countries without a formal control program for paratuberculosis, 76% were in South and Central America, Asia and Africa while 20% were in Europe. Control programs were justified most commonly on animal health grounds, but protecting market access and public health were other factors. Prevalence reduction was the major objective in most countries, but Norway and Sweden aimed to eradicate the disease, so surveillance and response were their major objectives. Government funding was involved in about two thirds of countries, but operations tended to be funded by farmers and their organizations and not by government alone. The majority of countries (60%) had voluntary control programs. Generally, programs were supported by incentives for joining, financial compensation and/or penalties for non-participation. Performance indicators, structure, leadership, practices and tools used in control programs are also presented. Securing funding for long-term control activities was a widespread problem. Control programs were reported to be successful in 16 (73%) of the 22 countries. Recommendations are made for future control programs, including a primary goal of establishing an international code for paratuberculosis, leading to universal acknowledgment of the principles and methods of control in relation to endemic and transboundary disease. An holistic approach across all ruminant livestock industries and long-term commitment is required for control of paratuberculosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-1943-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In this situation, we report the results of a single herd study where a high prevalence of clinical JD and MAP infection has been reduced over a 4 year period using an annual test and cull approach [16, 22]. This strategy is based on a herd testing protocol using an initial herd screening using serological ELISA for multiple MAP antigens [22] coupled with a quantitative fecal PCR (fPCR) test to confirm the status of ELISA positive animals [23, 24]. This approach allows farmers and their advisers to stratify shedders according to disease status and environmental risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection on a New Zealand pastoral dairy farm

Bates¹,

O’Brien

Liggett

et al. 2019

BMC Vet Res

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Background Johne’s disease is a major production limiting disease of dairy cows caused by infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in calf-hood. The disease is chronic, progressive, contagious and widespread with no treatment and no cure. Economic losses arise from decreased productivity through reduced growth, milk yield, fertility and also capital losses due to premature culling or death. Control chiefly centers upon removing those animals which actively shed bacteria and protecting calves from infection. A prolonged pre-clinical shedding phase, lack of test sensitivity, organism persistence and abundance in the environment as well as management systems that expose susceptible calves to infection make control challenging, particularly in pastoral, seasonal dairy systems. Combining a novel testing strategy to remove infected cows along with limited measures to protect vulnerable calves at pasture, this study reports the successful reduction over a four-year period of seroprevalence of cows testing positive for MAP infection in a New Zealand pastoral dairy herd. Results For all age groups considered the apparent seroprevalence of cows testing positive decreased from 297 / 1,122 (26%) in 2013–2014, to 24 / 1,030 (2.3%) in 2016–2017. Over the same period, the apparent seroprevalence in primiparous cows decreased from 39 / 260 (15%) to 7 / 275 (2.5%) and in multiparous cows from 258 / 862 (29.9%) to 17 / 755 (2.3%). The reported proportion of calved cows culled annually from suspected clinical Johne’s disease fell from 55 / 1,201 (5%) in the year preceding the control program to 5 / 1,283 (0.4%) in the final year of the study. Conclusions On this farm , reduction in the prevalence of infection was achieved by reducing the infectious pressure through targeted culling of heavily shedding animals together with limited measures to protect calves at pasture from exposure to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis . Whilst greater protection of young animals through separation from infected cows and their colostrum and milk would have reduced the risk of neonatal infection, this study demonstrates, in this case, that these management measures while prudent were not essential for effective reduction in the prevalence of MAP infection.

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The effect of sub-clinical infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis on milk production in a New Zealand dairy herd

Cited by 23 publications

References 35 publications

The Effect of Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis Infection on the Productivity of Cows in Two Dairy Herds with a Low Seroprevalence of Paratuberculosis

The Effect of Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis Infection on the Productivity of Cows in Two Dairy Herds with a Low Seroprevalence of Paratuberculosis

Control of paratuberculosis: who, why and how. A review of 48 countries

Control of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection on a New Zealand pastoral dairy farm

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