The effect of subsequent mangement on the success of introducing white clover to an existing sward

Sheldrick, R. D.; Lavender, R. H.; Parkinson, A. E.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1987.tb02126.x

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Can suitable management help the clover expand to provide a useful and productive component in a sward destined to be managed in future with reduced inputs? The results from the main investigation (Table 4) point to the value of cutting rather than grazing management to achieve this, as found in an earlier experiment at this station (Sheldrick et al, 1987b) and recognized in farm experience (Hailey, 1988 and personal communication). Surprisingly, the data from the off-station investigation did not confirm this difference.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…In Experiment B there was a greater annual yield of clover DM in the conservation treatment. Spring application of propyzamide in a previous experiment had increased (P<0-001) the proportion of clover DM in cut herbage, but had not significantly increased clover stolon length or dry weight per m^ (Sheldrick et al, 1987b), as in the experiments now reported. It was concluded from the earlier experiment, and much reinforced by highly variable individual site performance in the off-station investigations, that the effects of low-dose propyzamide when used to enhance clover contents is unpredictable and strongly influenced by the weather in the postspraying period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Changes in sward clover content brought about by cutting or grazing management are likely to be less immediate than those from oversowing (Sheldrick et al, 1987b). Further experimentation should establish the comparative advantages and rate of clover development of these two approaches in a single investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drawing on experience gained in experiments designed to assist the spread of white clover newly oversown in an existing sward (Sheldrick et al, 1987b), an experiment was carried out in which main treatments for the growing season compared (1) periodic defoliation by sheep allowing the sward a 14 d or 35 d regrowth interval, with (2) cutting for conservation either with or without an input of N in spring, Pretreatments applied in March sought to provide conditions in which there was reduced grass competition, or in which different classes of invertebrate pests had been controlled, in case these were limiting factors (Mowat and Shakeel, 1989). In each year, contrasting swards of either low (approximately 5%) or very low (<3%) clover content were investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management options for increasing white clover contents of swards, without resowing

Sheldrick¹,

Lavender²,

Martyn³

1993

Grass and Forage Science

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Two field experiments were carried out at North Wyke, Devon in 1985 (Experiment A) and 1986 (Experiment B) to investigate the effectiveness of either cutting or rotational sheep‐grazing managements for raising the clover content of clover‐depleted swards. Subplots were pretreated in March with (a) propyzamide at 0·4kg a.i. ha‐1, (b) chlorpyrifos at 0·72 kg a.i. ha‐1 and methiocarb at 0·22 kg a.i. ha‐1, (c) carbofuran at 1·3 kg a.i. ha‐1, or (d) not so treated, in order to reduce grass tiller density, control insect and mollusk pests, or control all invertebrate pests respectively (a‐c), Carbofuran was not applied to swards that were to be grazed subsequently. The propyzamide pretreatment (a) significantly reduced the quantity of herbage dry matter (DM) grazed and the silage DM yields in both years, but raised the numbers of active clover buds, and clover stolon density and its weight in 1986, though not in 1985, The pesticide package (b) raised the quantity of herbage DM grazed in both years, and the silage DM yield in 1986, Carbofuran (c) raised silage yields in 1985. Neither pretreatment (b) nor (c) significantly affected clover performance. In comparison with sheep grazing, cutting showed a trend to higher DM yields, and significantly raised clover stolon density and weight in both years, and active bud numbers in 1986. The periodic sheep grazing management included recovery intervals of 14 d and 35 d. In 1986 (but not 1985) the longer recovery interval raised herbage DM consumption, but had no effect on clover development. The cutting management included nitrogen inputs of either 100 kg ha‐1 in March, or none. N input raised annual DM yields in 1986 (but not 1985) but did not affect clover DM yields or performance in either year. The experiments at North Wyke were supported by on‐farm experiments using exclosure cages at ten sites in 1985 and nine in 1986, in Yorkshire, Wales, the Midlands and Devon. In both years, application of propyzamide as in treatment (a) reduced DM yields (P<0.001) and raised the proportion of clover (P<0.001) in May harvests. The density of active clover buds (P<0.05), stolon density (P<0.001) and stolon weight (P<0.001) were increased by October. A combined carbofuran and methiocarb treatment significantly (P<0.001) increased herbage yields, but did not affect measures of clover performance. Unlike the main experiments, a comparison of grazing (outside the cages) and cutting management (within the cages) showed no effect on clover development. It was concluded that cutting, or rotational sheep grazing with a long recovery interval, would promote clover development in the clover depleted sward. Though successful in the overall assessment, application of propyzamide gave highly variable results on different sites and was not sufficiently reliable.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management options for increasing white clover contents of swards, without resowing

Sheldrick¹,

Lavender²,

Martyn³

1993

Grass and Forage Science

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“…However, later on in the season the evidence suggests that a change of management involving a rest-period from grazing, may be necessary to increase the clover content of the sward. For example, improvements have been achieved by changing to a rotational system of grazing (Hay and Baxter, 1984), and also by incorporating a conservation cut (Wolton etal., 1970;Curll and Wilkins 1985;Sheldrick et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of contrasting cutting regimes on the components of clover and grass growth in microswards

Grant¹,

Barthram²

1991

Grass and Forage Science

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Microswards of white clover and perennial ryegrass were subjected to one of four treatments: weekly cutting to 3-5 cm, weekly cutting incorporating a period of no cutting for 6 weeks starting 27 April (early rest), weekly cutting incorporating a period of no cutting for 6 weeks starting 8 June (late rest), or cutting every 3 weeks. Two sward types were used: a mixture of white clover cv. Milkanova with perennial ryegrass cv. Melle, and white clover cv. Kent with perennial ryegrass cv. Melle. Growth measurements (leaf appearance, branching/tillering and stolon internode length) were confined to the first three treatments with records collected during contiguous 21-d measurement periods. Vertical height increments of clover and grass and red;far-red light ratios at the sward bases were also recorded at frequent intervals. At the end of the experiment population densities and unit weights were recorded for all treatments.Significant treatment effects on the rate processes were largely confined to the 21-d period immediately after weekly cutting of rested swards had resumed. On previously rested compared with weekly cut swards, clover leaf appearance rates were increased by AO'fQ and branching rates by 164*7o. During the same period, grass leaf appearance rates were reduced by 5O' ?o and net tillering changed from positive Correspondence: Sheila A. Grant, Macaulay Land Use Research institute, Pentlandfield, Roslin. Midlothian EH2J 9RF.to negative values. Though the rate responses were transient, effects were still apparent at harvest in September, when population density and content (proportion by population density and weight) of clover were significantly higher in the late rest treatment. The variety Kent showed a consistent, though usually nonsignificant, higher leaf appearance and branching rate compared with Milkanova, and in September was characterized by a higher population {74(X) m"^ compared to 3200 m'^) of smaller units (27 compared to 46 mg/apical meristem) than Milkanova.The results are discussed in relation to defoliation effects and the role of light quantity and quality as they influence the component growth processes. Attention is drawn to the importance of canopy structure and the climatic and/or phenological differences in the relative seasonal behaviour of clover and grass, together with varietal variation within species in infiuencing responses to management manipulations.

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The Importance of Sustained Grassland and Environmental Research: A Case Study From North Wyke Research Station, UK, 1982–2017

Blackwell

Jarvis

Wilkins

et al. 2018

Advances in Agronomy

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It describes the evolution of the research programme and demonstrates the importance of sustained, interdisciplinary and collaborative research. North Wyke has maintained a clear research focus, alongside an ability to adapt to changing grassland and environmental research needs and funding sources, and despite having changed affiliations on several occasions. The substantial contribution to agricultural and environmental science arising from the research station has influenced, and continues to influence farm practice, research and policy nationally and internationally. Some key topics have included nutrient cycling, farm waste management, gaseous emissions, biodiversity, grazing management, animal production (meat and milk), and forage quality. Currently, North Wyke Research Station is leading the way on taking increasingly holistic approaches to researching more efficient, sustainable approaches to grazing-livestock agricultural production. This involves the use of world-leading, facilities such as the North Wyke Farm Platform, comprising three farmlets, designed to test the productivity and environmental sustainability of contrasting temperate grassland beef and sheep systems. Future perspectives highlight key challenges facing the agricultural industry including climate change mitigation and adaptation, and the growing world population. Opportunities exist to tackle these challenges through technological advances, but also through increased integration of agricultural, environmental, economic and social research. North Wyke Research Station provides an example of a research facility where such challenges can be addressed.

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The effect of subsequent mangement on the success of introducing white clover to an existing sward

Abstract: Two experiments, each lasting approximately 12 months, were carried out at North Wyke, Devon, in 1982-83 (A) and 1983-84 (B), to investigate various sward managements following oversowing of white clover {Trifolium repens, cv.

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Management options for increasing white clover contents of swards, without resowing

Management options for increasing white clover contents of swards, without resowing

The effects of contrasting cutting regimes on the components of clover and grass growth in microswards

The Importance of Sustained Grassland and Environmental Research: A Case Study From North Wyke Research Station, UK, 1982–2017

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