The effect of supplementing cows with live yeast, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, on ciliate fauna and ruminal fermentation

Abstract

The infl uence of a live culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the number of ciliates, activity of carboxymethylcellulose-(CMC), xylan-and starch-degrading enzymes, as well as the concentration of VFA in the rumen of two cows was examined. The animals were fed either hay and concentrate alone or supplemented with live yeast given at the rate of 5 g/d. It was found that the response of rumen fauna to yeast supplementation was related to the animal. The total protozoa and Entodinia counts increased signifi cantly only in one cow (P≤0.05). The number of protozoa from the genus Diplodinium remained unchanged (cow 1) or decreased signifi cantly (cow 2). Epidinia decreased in the rumen of both animals, while Isotrichidae did not change signifi cantly (P>0.05).The activity of CMC-ase and xylan-degrading enzymes varied between 7.2-9.4 and 108.3-130.0 μM released reducing sugars/g DM/h, respectively. The effect of yeast on the activity of fi brolytic enzymes was related to the host animal. CMC-ase decreased signifi cantly only in cow 2, while xylanase, in cow 1. The activities of starch-degrading enzymes as well as pH of rumen fl uid and volatile fatty acids were not affected by supplementation of cows with yeast.

The effect of live yeast, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, and their metabolites on ciliate fauna, fibrolytic and amylolytic activity, carbohydrate digestion and fermentation in the rumen of goats

“…Conversely, the addition of yeast did not modify the population density of ciliates from the genus Dasytricha, which is in accordance with the results of Brossard et al (2006) and Galip (2006) concerning holotrich ciliates. These results suggest that these protozoa were either less sensitive than the representatives of genus Isotricha to the changes in the rumen ecosystem caused by the supplemented additives or that the yeast preparation did not influence the growth conditions required by these microorganisms from the family Isotrichidae (Kowalik et al, 2008). In contrast to our finding, Arakaki et al (2000) showed that yeast metabolites increased the population density of Dasytricha in the rumen of steers.…”

“…In contrast to our result, Moharrery and Asadi (2009) found a positive effect of yeast on the activity of amylolytic enzymes in the rumen of lambs. In contrast, Brossard et al (2006) and Kowalik et al (2008) did not observe any effect of yeast on the mentioned activity. Further studies are thus necessary.…”

“…For example, live Saccharomyces cerevisiae enhanced or had no effect on total bacteria count and either stimulated or restricted cellulolytic species (Newbold et al, 1995;Callway and Martin, 1997). Similar disagreements concern total as well as specific ciliate counts (Doreau and Jouany, 1998;Lila et al, 2004;Doležal et al, 2005;Kowalik et al, 2008) and fibrolytic and amylolytic activities. For example, Brossard et al (2006) did not find any differences between the mentioned activities in sheep fed a control diet or the same diet supplemented with live yeast.…”

“…This effect has been considered a result of some changes in the rumen microbial population and in its digestive and metabolic activity. Live Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells have been used most often in such experiments (Newbold et al, 1995;Doreau and Jouany, 1998;Lila et al, 2004;Kowalik et al, 2008). Although studies have been numerous, their published results have often been conflicting.…”

Effect of source and dose of probiotics and exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) on intake, feed efficiency, and growth of male buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves

“…Improvement in IVDMD, NH 3 -N, TPN, bacterial, and protozoal population in vitro were better with L 1 dose for L. acidophilus but, these affects were better on L 3 doses for S. cerevisiae and A. niger. Although yeast source induce modifications in rumen fermentation (Kowalik et al 2008), they seldom colonize in the digestive tract (Girard 1996). Dose plays critical role to induce impact on probiotics of fungal origin unlike Lactobacillus strains (Dawson 1990).…”