The effect of surfactant chain length on the morphology of poly(methyl methacrylate) microcapsules for fragrance oil encapsulation

Tasker, Alison Louise; Hitchcock, James; He, Ling; Baxter, Elaine Alice; Biggs, Simon; Cayre, Olivier J.

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2016.08.058

Cited by 39 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…By measuring the interfacial tension between the liquid phases it is possible to calculate spreading coefficients [47][48][49][50][51], which can give information about the starting point of the capsule formation, to predict the ultimate capsule morphology, as the spreading coefficients are calculated from both the interfacial tensions of the three phases present in the final capsule, core oil, solid PMMA and surfactant solution, and the interfacial tensions for the three phases when the polymer is dissolved in dichlormethane (DCM) [48]. It was found that single chain surfactants give core-shell capsules albeit at higher yields.…”

Section: Emulsion Stabilization By Polymers and Surfactants: Interfacmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Polymer and Surfactants for the Microencapsulation and Emulsion Stabilization

Sharipova¹,

Aidarova²,

Mutaliyeva³

et al. 2017

Colloids and Interfaces

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Polymer/surfactant mixtures have a wide range of industrial and technological applications, one of them being the use in microencapsulation and emulsion stabilization processes. These mixtures are able to form adsorption layers at the surface of oil droplets and so affect the emulsion stability, which depends on the polyelectrolyte/surfactant nature, concentrations ratio, method of the emulsification, etc. Polyelectrolytes alone show low surface activity in contrast to surfactants, which adsorb at the water/oil interface, making the droplets charged, but they are insufficient to stabilize emulsions. When an oppositely-charged polymer is added to the surfactant solution, a steric barrier is formed, which prevents coalescence and enhances the stability. The present review is devoted to the recent studies of the use of polymer/surfactant mixtures for the encapsulation of active ingredients and stabilization of single and double emulsions. Active ingredients are added to the oil phase prior to emulsification so that any subsequent dissolution of the core, like in other encapsulation protocols, can be omitted. By measuring the interfacial tension and dilational rheology it is possible to find optimum conditions for the emulsion formation and hence for encapsulation. Therefore, such systems have become a prominent approach for the encapsulation of active ingredients.

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Section: Emulsion Stabilization By Polymers and Surfactants: Interfacmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Polymer and Surfactants for the Microencapsulation and Emulsion Stabilization

Sharipova¹,

Aidarova²,

Mutaliyeva³

et al. 2017

Colloids and Interfaces

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“…A number of electroless deposition studies have been conducted on 3‐dimensional surfaces, such as polymer beads, and more recently microcapsules . Our approach involves first the preparation of a polymeric core–shell microcapsule from an oil‐in‐water emulsion, using the method of Loxley and Vincent, then adsorbing poly(vinyl pyrollidone) (PVP)‐stabilised platinum nanoparticles to the polymer surface, before using the catalytic properties of these nanoparticles to deposit a continuous metal layer around the microcapsules …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Mechanisms of Gold Shell Growth onto Polymer Microcapsules to Control Shell Thickness

Tasker

Hitchcock

Baxter

et al. 2017

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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Polymer microcapsules have been used commercially for decades, however they have an inherent flaw which renders them impractical as ac arriero fs mall, volatile molecules.T he porous nature of the polymer shell allows for diffusion of the encapsulatedm olecules into the bulk. The use of metal shells is an innovative way to prevent undesired loss of small molecules from the core of microcapsules, however it is important, particularly when using expensive metals to ensure that the resultings hell is as thin as possible. Here we investigate the fundamentalm echanisms controlling the gold shell thickness when af ragrance oili se ncapsulated in ap oly(methylm ethacrylate) shell. We consider the distribution of the nanoparticles on the capsules urface, and from quantificationo ft he adsorbed nanoparticle( NP) density and resultings hell thickness, we propose mechanisms to describe the gold shell growth for systems with high and low NP surface coverage. We suggest from our observations that the gold grows to fill in the gaps between NPs. At low NP concentrations, thicker metal shells form. We postulatet hat this is due to the low NP density on the surface, forcing the gold clusters to grow larger before they meet the adjacent ones.T hus, to grow the thinnest possible shells ad enselyp acked monolayer of platinum nanoparticles is requiredo nthe capsule surface.

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“…(B) The changing morphology of poly(methyl methacrylate) microcapsules when the core composition is modified between (i) Hexadecane, (ii) hexyl salicylate, (iii) cyclamen aldehyde, and (iv) toluene. Reprinted with permission from Tasker et al (2016). …”

Section: Polymer Microcapsules Templated On a Particle-stabilized Flumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Work conducted by Tasker et al also indicates that the relationship between the interfacial tensions of the three phases involved in polymer microcapsule synthesis, namely the oil, polymer, and aqueous phase, are crucial in determining the final microcapsule morphology as they determine the wettability of the core oil by the polymer in the aqueous phase (Tasker et al, 2016). Although a surfactant is not considered a particle in the traditional sense, this work demonstrates how changing interfacial properties resulting from substitution of the core phase can impact the formation of an emulsion-based polymer microcapsule template.…”

Section: Polymer Microcapsules Templated On a Particle-stabilized Flumentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle-Stabilized Fluid-Fluid Interfaces: The Impact of Core Composition on Interfacial Structure

2018

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The encapsulation of small molecule drugs in nanomaterials has become an increasingly popular approach to the delivery of therapeutics. The use of emulsions as templates for the synthesis of drug impregnated nanomaterials is an exciting area of research, and a great deal of progress has been made in understanding the interfacial chemistry that is critical to controlling the physicochemical properties of both the encapsulated material and the templated material. For example, control of the interfacial tension between an oil and aqueous phase is a fundamental concern when designing drug delivery vehicles that are stabilized by particulate surfactants at the fluid interface. Particles in general are capable of self-assembly at a fluid interface, with a preference for one or the other of the phases, and much work has focussed on modification of the particle properties to optimize formation and stability of the emulsion. An issue arises however when a model, single oil system is translated into more complex, real-world scenarios, which are often multi-component, with the incorporation of charged active ingredients and other excipients. The result is potentially a huge change in the properties of the dispersed phase which can lead to a failure in the capability of particles to continue to stabilize the interface. In this mini-review, we will focus on two encapsulation strategies based on the selective deposition of particles or proteins on a fluid-fluid interface: virus-like particles and polymer microcapsules formed from particle-stabilized emulsion templates. The similarity between these colloidal systems lies in the fact that particulate entities are used to stabilize fluid cores. We will focus on those studies that have described the effect of subtle changes in core composition on the self-assembly of particles at the fluid-fluid interface and how this influences the resulting capsule structure.

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The effect of surfactant chain length on the morphology of poly(methyl methacrylate) microcapsules for fragrance oil encapsulation

Cited by 39 publications

References 47 publications

The Use of Polymer and Surfactants for the Microencapsulation and Emulsion Stabilization

The Use of Polymer and Surfactants for the Microencapsulation and Emulsion Stabilization

Understanding the Mechanisms of Gold Shell Growth onto Polymer Microcapsules to Control Shell Thickness

Particle-Stabilized Fluid-Fluid Interfaces: The Impact of Core Composition on Interfacial Structure

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