The effect of temperature on the respiratory electron transport system in marine plankton

Packard, Theodore T.; Devol, Allan H.; King, Frederick D.

doi:10.1016/0011-7471(75)90029-7

Cited by 81 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…The ETS measurements were corrected for in situ temperature using an Arrhenius activation energy of 15.8 Kcal mole -1 (Packard et al, 1975). To convert ETS values into oxygen utilisation rates (OUR), the currently used factor 0.15 was adopted in samples obtained from 5 to 200 m (Kenner and Ahmed, 1975 ison with other authors (Savenkoff et al, 1993a;Lefèvre et al, 1996;La Ferla et al, 1996).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic CO<sub>2</sub> production in the Mediterranean Sea: A case study for estimating carbon budget in the sea

Ferla¹,

Azzaro²

2004

Sci. Mar.

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SUMMARY: A synthesis of published metabolic CO 2 production rates determined in the water column of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea from 1993 to 1999 is reported with the aim of furnishing an overall picture of the remineralization processes occurring in the basin. The trends of the remineralization are also interpreted with respect to the so-called Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) event. This study augments the sparse data set of respiration measurements, from oceanographic surveys, and highlights the tight coupling between biological processes and circulation patterns. In the photic zone, the rates decreased from West to East as well as from North to South. In the aphotic zone, the C remineralization trend followed the traditional routes of intermediate and deep waters in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin, and underwent the important modifications into the depths as a consequence of the EMT impact.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic CO<sub>2</sub> production in the Mediterranean Sea: A case study for estimating carbon budget in the sea

Ferla¹,

Azzaro²

2004

Sci. Mar.

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“…The dependence of the ETSA on temperature may explain the observed increase in respiration with temperature for some species (Edmunds 2004, Colombo-Pallotta et al 2010. However, these studies only showed the effects of temperature on ETSA during the assay, and caution should be used when interpreting results from temperature stress experiments, where corals are incubated for long periods at elevated temperatures (> 30°C), and damage to the mitochondrial ETS may occur (Moller 2001, Taylor et al 2004.The obtained E a values were 47.2 and 30.3 kJ mol −1for the host and zooxanthellae, respectively, which are lower than those previously reported for zooplankton of 65.9 kJ mol −1 (Packard et al 1975) and 57.6 kJ mol −1 (Simičič & Brancelj 2004). The temperature chosen for our assay was 25°C.…”

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confidence: 86%

“…The effects of the presence of the commonly used chemicals polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 (PVP) at 1.5 mg ml −1 (Wako Pure Chemical Industries), MgSO 4 at 75 μmol l −1 (Wako Pure chemical Industries), Triton-X at 0.20% (Triton-X100, Sigma Aldrich) and EDTA 2Na at 10 mmol l −1 (Kanto Chemical) were also investigated in both the host and zooxanthellae fractions. The treatment containing PVP at 1.5 mg ml and Triton X at 0.20%, which is the composition recommended by Packard et al (1975), was used as the control treatment, and its ETSA was fixed at 100%. The activities obtained under other treatments, omitting PVP, MgSO 4 or Triton X or adding EDTA to the buffer used in the control treatment, were expressed as the percentage of activity com-127 Aquat Biol 18: 125-139, 2013 pared with the control treatment.…”

Section: Extraction and Preparation Of The Ets For Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different sonication durations were tested for both the host and zooxanthellae fractions. The power of the sonicator was adjusted to 25% when the volume of homogenate was 5 ml because under a higher power foam formed, which may reduce the measured activity (Packard et al 1975). Maximum zooxanthellae activity was obtained after 2 min of sonication and decreased with time (Fig.…”

Section: Ets Extraction: Homogenization Technique and Buffermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method measures the activities of the enzymes that constitute the electron transport system (ETS) at saturated substrate concentrations. Therefore, ETSA represents the potential respiratory rate and has been used to estimate oxygen consumption in various environments and community assemblages, including sediment meiofauna (Olanczukneyman & Vosjan 1977, Broberg 1985, Relexans 1996a, plankton (Kenner & Ahmed 1975a, Owens & King 1975, Packard et al 1975, Bamstedt 1980, Hernández-Leó & Gómez 1996 and marine invertebrates (Cammen et al 1990, St-Amand et al 1999, Martínez et al 2010). The method proposed by Packard in 1971 and modified for application to corals in the present study is based on the reduction of an artificial substrate, 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (INT), by the coenzyme Q cytochrome-b complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Respiratory electron transport system activity in symbiotic corals and its link to calcification

Agostini¹,

Fujimura²,

Fujita³

et al. 2013

Aquat. Biol.

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Scleractinian corals host photosynthetic endosymbionts, making direct measurement of the host respiration rate via incubation methods based on O 2 consumption impossible. We tested the use of the respiratory electron transport system activity (ETSA) for measuring host potential respiration. The applied method, modified from a previous study, is based on the reduction of (4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (INT) to formazan. After the development of a protocol suitable for corals, the method was tested on 5 different species. Metabolism, including photosynthesis, dark respiration and light and dark calcification, was measured through incubation. Host and zooxanthellae fractions were separated and their ETSAs, protein contents and zooxanthellae densities were measured. Mean ETSA/dark respiration (ETSA/R) ratios for host corals ranged from 1.7 ± 0.2 to 3.5 ± 0.6, while ratios for zooxanthellae ranged from 3.7 to 7.8. The high ratios observed for zooxanthellae indicate that their respiration may be 5 times higher under light conditions than in the dark. Considering the obtained ratios, host respiration in light could increase at most by a factor of 3.5 compared with dark respiration rates. Ratios close to 1 were found for some specimens, which suggests that higher respiration rates under light compared with dark conditions are not possible. Therefore, increased respiration in light cannot explain the observed enhancement of calcification under light conditions. ETSA was correlated with zooxanthellae density, suggesting adaptation of the levels of host ETS enzymes to the amount of translocated photosynthetates under optimal conditions. Estimated dark host respiration was correlated with photosynthesis, which suggests that it is determined mainly by the amount of energy available but also the amount of electron transport system enzymes. This constrains the amount of ATP available for calcification. Hence, we propose a mechanism by which respiration limits the calcification rate. KEY WORDS: Electron transport system · ETS · Respiration · Calcification · Symbiotic coralsResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Aquat Biol 18: 125-139, 2013 host photosymbionts known as zooxanthellae, which is the name given to a wide array of different algae of the genus Symbiodinium.The biochemical methods proposed for conducting respiratory measurements include the quantification of respiratory electron transport system activity (ETSA) (Packard 1971), which was later modified by Owens & King (1975). This method measures the activities of the enzymes that constitute the electron transport system (ETS) at saturated substrate concentrations. Therefore, ETSA represents the potential respiratory rate and has been used to estimate oxygen consumption in various environments and community assemblages, including sediment meiofauna (Olanczukneyman & Vosjan 1977, Broberg 1985, Relexans 1996a, plankton (Kenner & Ahmed 1975a, Owens & King 1975, Packard et al. 1975, Bams...

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Temperature‐influenced species competition in mass cultures of marine phytoplankton

Goldman

Ryther

1976

Biotech & Bioengineering

114

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SummaryFive marine phytoplankton species (Phaeodaetylum tricornutum, Thalassiosira pseudonana, Skeletonema costatum, Monochrysis lutheri, and Dunaliella tertiolecta) were grown in enriched laboratory continuous cultures and natural populations were mass cultured outdoors for 16 months. Competition among the species was shown to be highly dependent on temperature, although the actual production of plant organic matter at the low growth rates used was relatively independent of this variable. Control of marine species in mass cultures does not appear economically feasible, but this drawback may be overcome by selecting herbivorous shellfish that are capable of assimilating those temperature-dependent phytoplankton species dominating in a particular locale.

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The effect of temperature on the respiratory electron transport system in marine plankton

Cited by 81 publications

References 14 publications

Metabolic CO<sub>2</sub> production in the Mediterranean Sea: A case study for estimating carbon budget in the sea

Metabolic CO<sub>2</sub> production in the Mediterranean Sea: A case study for estimating carbon budget in the sea

Respiratory electron transport system activity in symbiotic corals and its link to calcification

Temperature‐influenced species competition in mass cultures of marine phytoplankton

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